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LOWER BOD POSITIONS
Central Rays with degrees of angles, obliqueness
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Toes (Lateral) | Perpendicular, entering IP joint of big toe |
| Foot (AP Axial) | 10 degrees toward heel, entering base of third metatarsal |
| Calcaneus (Lateral) | Perpendicular to calcaneus. Center 1" distal to medial malleolus. |
| Calcaneus (Axial) Plantodorsal | 40 degrees cephalic to base of 3rd metatarsal |
| Ankle (AP Oblique) Medial Rotation | Perpendicular entering ankle joint midway between malleoli |
| Ankle (Lateral) Lateromedial | Perpendicular through ankle joint, entering 1/2" superior to lateral malleolus |
| Sesamoids (Tangential) | Perpendicular and tangential to 1st metatarsal joint |
| Knee (AP) Weight-Bearing | Horizontal and perpendicular, entering 1/2" below patella apex |
| Knee (Lateral) Mediolateral | To knee joint 1" distal to medial epicondyle at angle of 5 - 7 degrees cephalic |
| Patella (Lateral) Mediolateral | Perpendicular, entering knee at midpatellofemoral joint |
| Patella (Tangential) Merchant Method | Perpendicular with 40 degree knee flex. Angle CR 30 degrees caudal. |
| Patella (PA) | Perpendicular to midpopliteal, exiting patella |
| Patella and Patellofemoral Joint (Tangential) Settegast Method | Perpendicular to perpendicular joint. If not, CR angle will be 15 - 20 degrees |
| Patella and Patellofemoral Joint (Tangential) Hughston Method | Angled 45 degrees cephalic and directed through patellofemoral joint |
| Intercondylar Fossa (PA Axial) Camp-Coventry | Perpendicular and centered to knee joint. Angled 40 degrees when knee flexed 40 degrees or angled 50 degrees when knee is 50 degrees |
| Hip (AP) | Line up at ASIS. Go distal 2" and center between ASIS and pubic symphysis. |
| Hip (Modified Axiolateral) Clements - Nakayama | Directed 15 degrees posteriorly and aligned perpendicular to femoral neck |
| Hip (Axiolateral) Danelius-Miller | Perpendicular to long axis of femoral neck. |
| Hip (Lateral) Mediolateral (Lauenstein) | Perpendicular through hip joint. Lauenstein: midway bet. ASIS and Pubic symphysis |
| Hip (Lateral) Mediolateral (Hickey) | Perpendicular through hip joint. Hickey: Cephalic angle is 20 - 25 degrees |
| Acetabulum (AP Oblique) Judet Method | Perpendicular, entering pubic symphysis |
| Anterior Pelvic Bones (AP Axial) Outlet - Taylor Method | Male: Directed 20 - 35 degrees cephalic and centered to a point 2" distal to superior border of pubic symphysis. |
| Anterior Pelvic Bones (AP Axial) Outlet - Taylor Method | Female: Directed 30 - 45 degrees cephalic and centered to point 2" distal to upper border of pubic symphysis. |
| Anterior Pelvic Bones (Superoinferior Axial) Inlet - Bridgeman Method | Directed 40 degrees caudal, entering at level of ASIS |
| SI Joints (AP Oblique) | Perpendicular, entering 1" medial to elevated ASIS |
| SI Joints (PA Oblique) (RAO/LAO) | Perpendicular, 1" medial to ASIS |
| Pelvis (Lateral) | Perpendicular to a point at the level just above greater trochanter |
| Femoral Necks (AP Oblique) Modified Cleaves | Perpendicular, entering at level 1" superior to pubic symphysis |
| Femoral Necks (AP) Modified Cleaves | Directly to femoral neck |
Created by:
rad1958tech
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