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Chapter 6 Lower Limb
Toes, Foot, Ankle, Tib/Fib, Knee
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is the CR angle for AP projection for toes? | 10 to 15 degrees toward calcaneus |
Where is the CR directed for AP projection for toes? | To the MTP joint in question |
How much rotation for the AP medial oblique projection for toes? | 30 to 45 degrees internally |
Which digits are best demonstrated with the AP medial oblique projection for toes? | First, second, and third digits |
How much rotation for the AP lateral oblique projection for the toes? | 30 to 45 degrees externally |
Which digits are best demonstrated with the AP lateral oblique projection for the toes? | Fourth and fifth digits |
Where is the CR directed for the AP medial and lateral oblique projections for the toes? | To the MTP joint in question |
Which digits call for the lateromedial projection of the toes? | First, second and third digits |
Which digits call for the mediolateral projection of the toes? | Fourth and fifth digits |
Where is the CR directed for the first digit for a lateral projection of the toes? | To the interphalangeal joint |
Where is the CR directed for the 2nd-5th digits for a lateral projection of the toes? | The proximal interphalangeal joint |
What is the CR angle for the AP projection of the foot? | 10 degrees posteriorly |
Where is the CR directed for the AP projection of the foot? | To the base of the 3rd metatarsal |
For the AP projection of the foot, how much CR angle is required for high arch? | 15 degrees |
For the AP projection of the foot, how much CR angle is required for a low arch | 5 degrees |
How much rotation for AP medial oblique projection of foot? | 30 to 40 degrees |
Where is the CR directed for an AP medial oblique projection of the foot? | Base of the 3rd metatarsal |
What is the rotation for the optional lateral oblique rotation of the foot? | 30 degrees |
What anatomy is demonstrated on a lateral oblique projection of the foot? | Space between 1st and 2nd metatarsals and 1st and 2nd cuneiforms and navicular. |
Where is the CR directed on a mediolateral projection of the foot? | Medial cuneiform |
What is the rotation on a axial projection of the calcaneus? | 40 degrees cephalad |
Where is the CR directed on an axial projection of the calcaneus? | Base of 3rd metatarsal |
Where is the CR directed on a mediolateral projection of the calcaneus? | 1 inch inferior to medial malleolus |
Where is the CR located on an AP projection of the ankle? | Midway between malleoli |
How much rotation on the AP mortise with medial rotation of the ankle? | 15-20 degrees internally |
Where is the CR directed on the AP mortise projection of the foot? | Midway between malleoli |
How should the ankle be positioned on a mediolateral projection of the ankle? | True lateral |
Where is the CR directed on a mediolateral projection of the ankle? | Medial malleolus |
The lateromedial projection of the ankle makes it easier to achieve the true lateral position. True or False | True |
Where is the CR directed on an AP projection of the lower leg? | Midpoint of lower leg |
Why is it important to include proximal tibiofibular joint area when the injury site is at the distal leg? | It is common to have a second fracture at this site. |
Where is the CR located on a mediolateral projection of the lower leg? | Midpoint of lower leg |
How much rotation of the leg on an AP projection of the knee? | 3-5 degrees |
Where is the CR directed on an AP projection of the knee? | 1/2 inch distal to apex of patella |
How much CR angulation for a thin patient on AP projection of the knee? | 3-5 degrees caudad |
How much CR angulation for an average patient on AP projection of the knee? | None |
How much CR angulation for a thick patient on AP projection of the knee? | 3-5 degrees cephalad |
How much rotation of the leg for a medial oblique projection of the knee? | 45 degrees internally |
Where is the CR directed on a medial oblique projection of the knee? | Midpoint of knee at 1/2 inch distal to apex of patella |
How much rotation of the leg for a lateral oblique projection of the knee? | 45 degrees externally |
Where is the CR directed on a lateral oblique projection of the knee? | Midpoint of knee at 1/2 inch distal to apex of patella |
How much rotation for mediolateral projection of the knee? | Flex knee 20-30 degrees |
What is the CR angle for a mediolateral projection of the knee? | 5-7 degrees cephalad |
Where is the CR directed on a mediolateral projection of the knee? | 1 inch distal to medial epicondyle |
What is the CR angle for a short patient with a wide pelvis on a mediolateral projection of the knee? | 7-10 degrees cephalad |
What is the CR angle for a tall patient with a narrow pelvis on a mediolateral projection of the knee? | 5 degrees cephalad |
How much rotation on a PA projection of the patella and patellofemoral joint? | 5 degrees internal rotation |
Where is the CR directed on a PA projection of the patella and patellofemoral joint? | Midpatella area |
How much rotation on a mediolateral projection of the patella? | 5-10 degrees knee flexion |
Where is the CR directed on a mediolateral projection of the patella? | Midpatellofemoral joint |