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Chapter 25 AP Euro
AP European Chapter 25 Vocabulary
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Alexander II | (r.1855-81)Emperor of Russia; advocated moderate reforms for Russia; emancipated the serfs; he was assassinated. |
Ausgleich, 1867 | Refers to the compromise of 1867 which created the dual monarchy of Austria and Hungary. |
"Blood and iron" | Refers to Prussian tactics brought about by Otto von Bismarck; his unification of Germany was through a policy of "blood and iron". |
Bundesrat | The federal council of Austrian government. |
Count Camillo Cavour | Endorsed the economic doctrines of the middle class. Worked for a secret alliance with Napoleon III against Austria. Worked to unite Italy. |
Carbonari | A secret society; designated to overthrow Bonapartist rulers; they were liberal patriots. |
Carlsbad Decrees | 1819, it discouraged liberal teachings in southern Germany. Censorship imposed by Metternich. |
Constitutional monarchy | Monarch rules with limitations by the constitution; written or unwritten. |
Ems Dispatch | A message from William I of Prussia to Napoleon III which brought France into the Franco Prussian war. |
Franco-Prussian War | 1870-71, war between France and Prussia; seen as German victory; seen as a struggle of Darwinism; led to Prussia being the most powerful European nation. Instigated by Bismarck; France seen as the aggressor. |
Frankfurt Assembly | 1807-82; personified the romantic revolutionary nationalism. Attempted to unify Germany. |
Giuseppe Garibaldi | (1807-82) An Italian radical who emerged as a powerful independent force in Italian politics. He planned to liberate the Two Kingdoms of Sicily. |
Louis Kossuth | Leader of the Hungarians, demanded national autonomy with full liberties and universal suffrage in 1848. |
Leopold II | 1865-1909; King of Belgium, sent Henry Stanley to Africa. |
Liberalism | The base ideas of liberty and equality. |
Giuseppe Mazzini | Italy idealistic patriot; preached a centralized democratic republic based on universal suffrage and the will of the people. |
Nationalism | Pride in one's nation, group, or traditions; a desire for independence. |
Napoleon III | Original Napoleon’s nephew; consolidated conservative government and the ideals of nationalism. |
Panslavism | A movement to promote the independence of Slav people. Roughly started with the Congress in Prague; supported by Russia. Led to the Russo-Turkish War of 1877. |
Pogroms | Persecution of minorities, especially the Jews in Russia. |
Realpolitik | Political theory, advocated by Bismarck, that national success justifies any means possible. Very Machiavellian. |
Red Shirts | Volunteers in Garibaldi's army |
Reichstag | Popularly elected parliament in Germany. Very little power. |
Russification | Policy imposing Russian customs and traditions on other people. |
Syllabus of Errors | 1864. Pope Pius IX denounced rationalism, socialism, and separation of church and state. |
Treaty of Frankfurt | The end of the Franco-Prussian War. Alsace and Lorraine given to Germany. |
Otto von Bismarck | (1815-1898) Prussian chancellor who engineered the unification of Germany under his rule. |
Zemstvos | Local assemblies in Russia. |
Zollverein | Economic custom union of German states, founded in 1834 by Prussia. Eliminated internal tariffs. |
Risorgimento | Italian period of history from 1815 to1850. |
Grossdeutsch | Great German Party at the Frankfurt Assembly. "Big Germans". |
Kleindeutsch | Little German Party at the Frankfurt Assembly. "Little Germans". |
Volksgeist | Idea created by J.G. Herder to identify the national character of Germany, but soon passed to other countries. |