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CT
Patient Care
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| diastole | relaxation of heart muscle |
| Sterile Technique | the practiced and procedures used to maintain a sterile, microorganism-free environment during invasive CT procedures such as biopsy, aspiration and CT arthrogram |
| 0.5-1.5 mg/dl | normal creatinine values |
| Thorough hand washing between pts Wearing disposable gloves Cleaning of the site of venipuncture in a circular motion with alcohol swab Application of gentle pressure with alcohol swab to venipuncture site after removal of needle/catheter | components of aseptic technique for venipuncture |
| Absorbed dose ...kerma ...grays (Gy) | amount of xray energy absorbed in a unit of mass another term... measured in... |
| 97.7-99.5 degree F | normal body temp |
| pitch | the amount of table travel per tube rotation divided by the collimation |
| directly proportional | relationship between mAs and pt dose |
| Radiopaque contrast media (RCM) ex: iodine and barium | positive contrast agents |
| inherent absorption efficiency | ability of the detector to capture transmitted xray quanta and produce the appropriate response |
| 7-25 mg/dl | normal blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level in adult |
| ionic contrast media-higher potential for adverse effects ex: conray and hypaque | salts consisting of sodium and/or meglumine when injected into bloodstream it produces high-osmolar contrast media (HOCM) |
| dose length product (DLP) ...DLP=MSAD x slice width(cm) x number of slices or DLP=CTDIvol x scan length ...milligray-centimeters (mGy-cm) ...air kerma length product (Pkl) | internationally accepted measure of CT pt dose that considers scan length formula... measured in... newer term... |
| slice sensitivity profile (SSP) | graph demonstrating the broadening of the section width that is inherent to volumetric (helical) CT acquisition used to describe the reconstructed CT section |
| effect dose ...sieverts (Sv) | accounts for the type of tissue that the radiation is deposited in approximates the relative risk from exposure to ionizing radiation measured in... |
| adaptive filters | noise reduction algorithms employed during the reconstruction process to reduce displayed noise within the CT images |
| protocol optimization | process of adjusting parameters such as mA/kVp, slice thickness and pitch for the purpose of reducing pt radiation dose while maintaining adequate image quality |
| dose profile ...collimation of the xray beam | section of the pt exposed to radiation controlled by... |
| systole | contraction of the heart muscle |
| 0.8-1.2 | normal international normalized ratio (INR) in adults |
| Adults: 60-100 beats/minute Children: 70-120 beats/minute | normal pulse rate |
| CT dose index (CTDI) | an appropriate measure of the dose received in a single CT section of slice |
| multiple scan average dose (MSAD) ...MSAD = CTDI/pitch or MSAD=(T/I) x CTDI T=slice thickness and I=increment or image spacing (bed index) | calculation of the average cumulative dose to each slice within the center of a scan consisting of multiple scans older term for conventional step-and-shoot scanning formula... |
| CTDIvol ...CTDIvol=CTDIw/pitch ...milligrays (mGy) ...computed tomography air kerma index (Ca) | used to approximate the radiation dose for each section obtained during a helical scan formula... measured in... newer term... |
| longitudinal tube current modulation (z-axis) | type of automatic tube current modulation (ATCM) that allows for the adjustment of the mA setting as the scan proceeds along the z-axis of the pt |
| non-ionic contrast media-lower potential for adverse effects ex: omnipaque, isovue and optiray | non-salt chemical compounds that contain 3 atoms of iodine per molecule referred to low-osmolar contrast media (LOCM) |
| systolic: <120 mmHg diastolic: < 80mmHg | normal blood pressure for an adult |
| drip infusion-slow rise in blood iodine concentration (no longer used) | volume of contrast agent administered at a slow rate over long period |
| angular tube current modulation (x- and y-axis) | type of automatic tube current (ATCM) where the mA setting is adjusted according to the difference in thickness of the part as the tube rotates |
| air kerma | amount of radiation absorbed in a quantity of air |
| elecrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) | graphic representation of the electrical activity of the ehart |
| overbeaming | beam expanded even further to avoid exposing the detectors to undesirable "penumbra" |
| osmolality | agent's propensity to cause fluid from outside the blood vessel (extravascular space) to move into the bloodstream (intravascular space) |
| aseptic technique | the practices and procedures that a practitioner employs to reduce the risk of infection during the IV administration of contrast media |
| filtration | removes the unwanted, "low-quality" portion of the xray beam that adds to the pt radiation dose while failing to yield useful acquisition data |
| 12-15 seconds | normal prothrombin time in adults |
| hives | urticaria |
| overranging | when radiation dose is applied before and after the acquisition volume to ensure sufficient data collection for the interpolation algorithms inherent in spiral CT |
| geometric efficieny | the spatial arrangement of detector elements, including the amount of intersace material required between adjacent elements interspace material absorbs transmitted radiation but yields no response |
| single-phase imaging | CT image acquisition occurs at a single specific time during or after the injection of the contrast agent |
| iso-osmolar contrast media (IOCM) ex: visipaque | same osmolality as blood improves pt comfort and reduces potential for side effects |
| exposure ...Roentgens (R) | the ability of xrays to ionize a volume of air measured in... |
| multiphase imaging | the acquisition of multiple series of CT images over timed intervals |
| bolus injection-sharp peak of iodine concentration in blood | iodinated contrast agent is "pushed" into bloodstream at a rapid rate over short period of time |
| CTDIw | internationally accepted, weighted dose index calculated by summing 2/3 of the exposure recorded at the periphery of the field with 1/3 of the centrally recorded dose |
| P wave | portion of the ECG that corresponds to the period of atrial systole |
| 70+/-14 mL/min/m^2 | average glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for men |
| 60+/- 10 mL/min/m^2 | average glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for women |
| 25-35 seconds | average partial thromboplastin time (PTT) for adults |
| stochastic | harmful effects of radiation that is random in nature that include late effects of radiation, such as genetic mutations, may occur with even small doses of radiation has no threshold dose but increases in probability with increasing dose |
| 2-8 mg/mL | range of serum iodine concentration for adequate tissue opacification during contrast-enhanced CT exams |
| conray | iothalamate meglumine |
| hypaque | diatrizoate sodium |
| omnipaque | iohexol |
| isovue | iopamidol |
| optiray | ioversol |
| visipaque | iodixanol |
| intrathecal | administration of an iodinated contrast agent injected directly into the space surrounding the spinal cord |
| intra-articular | administration of a contrast agent injected directly into a joint space |
| benadryl | diphenhydramine |
| itchiness | pruritus |
Created by:
mkontio
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