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driving
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| clock drawing test | reproduce face of clock to specific time visuospatial skills, visual perception, selective attention, memory, abstract thinking, executive functioning |
| ishihara color test | color perception of red and green |
| contrast sensitivity test | discern objects with fuzzy, poorly defined edges or low contrast objects important for night driving |
| depth perception test | perceive environment in 3 dimensions, distance of objects between each other Optec Visual Analyzer |
| stereopsis | two eyes working together to view objects in the environment |
| glare recovery test | how quickly a person recovers vision after exposure to bright light |
| letter number cancellation (Cancellation H) test | visual scanning and selective attention scans grouping of letters and crosses out H's |
| motor free visual perception test | visual perceptual ability in domains of spatial relationships, visual closure, visual discrimination, visual memory, figure ground discrimination |
| ocular movement test | ocular ROM, convergence, divergence, saccades, vertical and lateral phorias draw letter H or a triangle and have client follow pattern with eyes |
| optec visual analyzer test | series of illuminated slides addressing depth perception, acuity, contrast sensitivity, phorias, glare recovery, color perception and recognition |
| symbol digit modalities test | neurocognitive function underlying substitution tasks, including attention, visual scanning, and motor speed timed test asked to match numbers to a series of symbols according to a reference key |
| useful field of view test | cognitive assessment assesses central vision loss and cognitive processing speed, divided attention, and selective attention, very low crash risk to very high crask risk |
| visual acuity test | snellen wall chart |
| visual field tests | range of view as they look ahead with no eye or head movement humphrey field analuzer for 24-30 deg visual field radius |
| assessment of motor and process skills (AMPS) | observational, quality of performance in completing standardized ADL |
| clinical dementia rating | 5 point scale, assesses memory, orientation, judgment and problem solving, community affairs, home and hobbies, personal care |
| cognitive behavioral drivers inventory | computer based for TBI |
| cognitive linguistic quick test | 5 cognitive domains, attention, memory, executive function, language, visuospatial skills for adults with neurologic impairment, includes clock drawing |
| driveABLE | driver competence, computer based and on road evaluation |
| porteus maze test | paper and pencil tracing activity |
| mini mental state examination | comprehension, reading, writing, drawing, arithmetic, memory, and orientation |
| montreal cognitive assessment | memory recall, visuospatial abilities, executive function includes clock drawing |
| neurobehavioral cognitive status exam | consciousness, orientation, attention span, language, constructional ability, memory, calculation, reasoning and judgment |
| assessment of rules of the road and sign recognition | symbolic recognition, reasoning, and judgment pertaining to driver statutes |
| short blessed test | memory, orientation, concentration |
| trail making test, parts a and b | cognitive flexibility, motor control, perceptual complexity, visual scanning, and executive function |
| wechsler digit symbol test | visual perceptual, motor and mental speed, visual motor coordination |
| bruininks oseretsky test of motor proficiency (BOT) | motor skill assessment for children |
| brake reaction time | timer measures time required to move foot from accelerator to brake in response to stimulus |
| finger to nose and toe tap test | motor coordination tests for UE and LE to detect dysmetria |
| get up and go test/tug | timed peformance of getting out of chair, walking 10 feet, turning around, and walking back to sit down again indicator for fall risk |
| rapid pace walk | walk 10 feet up and 10 feet back as fast as they feel safe and comfortable measure postural instability and gait disturbance |
| Beery VMI | visual motor integration |
| assessment of driving related skills | vision, cognition, motor function |
| driving health inventory | vision, cognition, and motor function |
| closed route on road evaluation | area without traffic and pedestrians knowledge and understanding of vehicle features and vehicle control at low speeds |
| open road with fixed route on road eval | neighborhood streets and intersections |
| naturalistic driving and instrumented vehicles on road eval | real world conditions |
| driving habits questionnaire | avoidance behaviors that are identified as compensatory strategies |
| SAFER driving | look at their driving knowledge and skill in relation to their health conditions and medications |
| fitness to drive screening measure | screen for at risk older drivers, questionnaire for family and caregivers |
| hierarchy of driving behavior | strategic: higher level decision making like mapping routes, trip goals tactical: decisions during driving maneuvers like passing a car operational: decisions made to control the vehicle safely by executing necessary visual motor or coordination |
| acuity deficit CS | slow to recognize signs and show delayed response to environment USE corrective lenses |
| contrast sensitivity CS | slow to recognize road signs avoid area, time of day, cloudy/rainy weather with poor contrast |
| night vision CS | restrict night driving, drive on roads with reduced speed limits, increase following distance at night |
| glare recovery CS | difficulty adapting to dark or bright lights restrict night driving |
| peripheral field deficits CS | inefficient eye movements use prism lenses, compesnate with extra head turns |
| field cuts or scotomas CS | miss street signs, hazards, other road users, vehicles, or stimuli on affected side use prism lenses, compensate with extra head turns, frequent eye movements, restrict driving at night or high speed |
| neglect CS | miss roadway information while focusing on other details, may be slow to respond to traffic signs, drift in or out of lanes increase insight into and impact of neglect on driving |
| pursuits, saccades, scanning CS | stare at road signs or move eyes randomly, dififuclty with lane positioning and keeping track of other vehicles, miss stimuli from environment, difficulty sequencing mirror use CS: use proper visual search patterns and efficient scanning |
| stereopsis or depth perception | difficulty judging distance, timing of turns, gap acceptance, merging, or passing CS: learn to use environmental cues, stop lines or tires of car ahead |
| color perception | signs, traffic lights, brake lights, turn signals CS: learn sequence of traffic lights, shapes of turn signs |
| visual information processing speed | recognize signs, negotiate intersections, interpret traffic/controls, positioning vehicle center of lane, operating vehicle in R CS: limit driving to familiar areas and roads with reduced speeds, avoid peak traffic hours or complicated intersections |
| attention | limit driving to familiar areas and to roads with reduced speeds and avoid peak traffic hours or complicated intersections |
| memory | limit driving to familiar areas, drive in daytime, navigational system |
| information processing | slow to react to environment CS: limit driving to familiar areas, drive in daytime, avoid peak times or complicated intersections, minimize distractions and conversations |
| executive functions | CS: education and training may improve ability to respond to situations appropriately |
| flexibility | entering/exit vehicle CS: install swivel seats, use a transfer device, instal an eight way adjustable seat |
| strength | difficulty managing controls review vehicle design considerations |
| endurance | automatic transmission, power brakes, cruise control, plan route in advance, ample rest breaks |
| coordination | automatic transmission, power brakes, cruise control |
| reaction time | drive on roads with reduced speeds, avoid driving in peak traffic times or congestion, and increase following distance |
| sensation | difficulty moving between accelerator and brake install hand controls |
| pain | add auxillary or larger mirrors, ensure proper adjustment of mirrors |
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