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Science #6
Grades 5 to 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Volume | amount of space something takes up |
| States of Matter | solid, liquid, gas |
| If a solid, liquid, or gas is heated, its volume will usually ___________, | increase |
| If a solid, liquid, or gas is cooled, its volume will usually ___________, | decrease |
| _________ change volume more easily than solids. | gases |
| Gases fill whatever __________ they are in. | container |
| Two identically sized cubes are made of wood and metal. Which has more mass? | The metal cube has more matter. Therefore, it has more mass. |
| Matter remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by some external force. | inertia |
| Pull of gravity on an object | weight |
| Mass is measured with a ________________ or ______________. | balance or scale |
| Simple, pure thing with a single name, such as glucose (sugar) | substance |
| Two or more things that maintain their separate identities when mixed together, such as salt and pepper | mixture |
| Liquid mixture where the atoms of one substance are spread evenly throughout another substance | solution |
| Substance, such as copper, that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical means | element |
| Pure substance formed by two or more elements reacting to form another new stances that is chemically different from any of the single elements | compound |
| Table Salt | sodium chloride (NaCl) |
| Mass of an object divided by its volume | density |
| Ability to dissolve in water | solubility |
| Matter can't be created or destroyed by ordinary chemical and physical processes--although it can change from one form to another | Law of Conservation of Matter |
| Showed that energy can be changed into matter, and matter can be changed into energy in nuclear reactors | Albert Einstein |
| The total of matter and energy will always be the _______ because matter and energy can't be created or destroyed. | same |
| Building blocks of matter | atoms |
| At the center of an atom is the core called the _____________. | nucleus |
| What two atomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom? | protons and neutrons |
| Protons have a _____________ charge. | positive |
| Neutrons have a ___________ charge. | nuetral |
| Electrons have a ___________ charge. | negative |
| Electrons circle the atom's nucleus in a(n) ______________ ___________. | electron cloud |
| How many millions of atoms can sit on the head of a pin? | 66 |
| How many elements are in the Periodic Table? | 109 |
| Who invented the Periodic Table of Elements? | Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869 |
| Who rearranged the Periodic Table of Elements by their atomic number? | English scientist Henry G. J. Moseley in 1914 |
| Science of matter | chemistry |
| Science of how things work and move | physics |
| Protons, neutrons, and electrons | subatomic particles |
| Charged particles that make up neutrons and protons in the nuclear of atoms | quarks |
| Subatomic particles that are grouped in pairs and include electrons | lepton |
| Atoms grouped together in a specific way and amount | molecules |
| Molecules can contain anywhere from two to __________ of atoms. | thousands |
| Molecules that contain carbon atoms | organic compounds |
| Change that does not produce a new substance (water -->ice-->water vapor) | physical |
| Change that produces a new substance (paper burning) | chemical |
| When the nucleus of an atom breaks apart | nuclear fission |
| When the nucleus of an atom joins with the nucleus of another atom | nuclear fusion |
| Substances that have a sour taste and a pH of <7 | acids |
| Common acids in foods | citric juices in lemons and limes, acetic acid in vinegar |
| What acid helps our bodies in digestion? | hydrochloric acid |
| Sulphuric and nitric acids are _____________, | corrosive |
| Substances that have a pH of >7 | bases |
| Another name for bases | alkalis |
| Pure water has a pH of | 7 |
| Used to measure the pH of substances | litmus paper |
| If the litmus turns _________, the substance is an acid. | red |
| If the litmus turns _________, the substance is an base. | blue |
| The brighter the color of the litmus paper, the _________ the acid or base. | stronger |
| Ability to do work | energy |
| Moving something against resistance | work |
| ______ energy is either potential or kinetic. | all |
| stored energy; waiting to do work | potential energy |
| moving energy | kinetic energy |
| Second Law of Motion | force = mass multiplied by acceleration |
| If you apply force to an object, you will either change its __________, change its ____________, or both. | speed, direction |
| Third Law of Motion | For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. |
| __________= force x distance an object moves in the direction of the force | work |
| What is the work needed to lift a 12-pound sack of pennies two feet? | 24 foot-pounds (12 pounds x 2 feet) |
| What is the work needed to exert a force of 0.1 pounds on a book and slide it 4 feet? | 0.4 foot-pounds (0.1 pounds x 4 feet) |
| What unit do scientists use to measure work? | joules |
| What is an inclined plane? | straight slanted surface used to raise objects because it is higher on one end |
| What is a wedge? | moving inclined plane with 1 or 2 sloping sides |
| What is a screw | inclined plane wrapped around a shaft or a cylinder |
| On a screw, the closer the threads, the greater the length of the inclined plane. True or False | true |
| What is a lever? | a bar that pivots at a fixed point called a fulcrum |
| What is a fixed pivot point of a lever? | fulcrum |
| What is a wheel and axle? | two wheels of different sizes that rotate together; when effort is applied to move the wheel, the axle turns a shorter distance but w/ more force |
| On a wheel and axle, the smaller the wheel the greater the mechanical advantage. True or False | false |
| What is a pulley? | grooved wheel with a rope or chain running along the groove; a flexible first class lever |
| What is a fixed pulley? | does not increase force just changes the direction of the force |
| What is a movable pulley? | increases force but does not change direction |
| What is a pulley system/block and tackle? | combination of fixed and movable pulleys, increases force but may change direction |
| What is a simple machine? | device that helps do work by either overcoming force or changing the direction of the applied force |
| As a substance gets hotter, its molecules move __________. | faster |
| Freezing in Fahrenheit | 32*F |
| Boiling in Fahrenheit | 212*F |
| Freezing in Celsius | 0*C |
| Boiling in Celsius | 100*C |
| Another name for Celsius | centrigrade |
| Temperature scale used by scientists | kelvin |
| Thermodynamics | study of heat and how other energy turns into heat |
| First Law of Thermodynamics | Energy cannot be created or destroyed. |
| Second Law of Thermodynamics | Heat will always flow from an area of higher temperature to an area of lower temperature |
| Third Law of Thermodynamics | It's impossible to reach the state of absolute zero. |
| One Calorie | amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water one degree Celsius |
| Hot objects give off infrared light in waves that can travel through empty space and air, such as the sun | radiation |
| Heat moves through one object into another, such as a pot on an electric or gas stove | conduction |
| Heat moves from an energy source into a circular pattern, such as a radiator | convection |
Created by:
marybahner
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