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Skull
Bontrager Ch 11
| WTF is this? | No Shit Sherlock |
|---|---|
| Bones of the Calvaria? | Frontal, R/L Parietal, Occipital (4) |
| Bones of Floor of Cranium? | Ethmoid, Sphenoid, R/L Temporal (4) |
| Portion of Frontal bone that forms forehead? | Squamous Portion |
| Portion of Frontal bone that forms the Superior aspects of the Orbits? | Horizontal (Orbital) Portion |
| Frontal bone articulates with which Cranialbones? | (4) R/L Parietal, Sphenoid, Ethmoid |
| Which bones form the Lateral walls and part of the roof of Cranium? | Parietal bones (R/L) |
| Where is the skull the widest? | Btwn Parietal Tubercles |
| Parietal bone articulates with which Cranial bones? | (5) Frontal, Occipital, Temporal, Sphenoid, opposite Parietal |
| Which bone forms the Inferoposterior portion of the Calvaria? | Occipital |
| Which bone contains the Foramen Magnum? | Occipital |
| Occipital bone articulates with which Cranial bones? | (6) R/L Parietal, R/L Temporal, Sphenoid, Atlas of C1 |
| Which aspect of Occipital bone creates the Atlantooccipital joint? | Occipital Condyles |
| Orbital Plates are at the level of what bony landmark? | SOG - Supraorbital Groove |
| What structure separates the Orbital Plates? | Ethmoid Notch (Of Frontal Bone) |
| Which bones sit between Sphenoid and Occipital? | R/L Temporal |
| Anterior projection of Temporal bone that contributes to cheek bone? | Zygomatic Process |
| Point anterior to EAM where mandible sits? | Temporomandibular Fossa |
| Temporal bone articulates with Mandible to form which joint? | TMJ - Temporomandibular Joint |
| Temporal bone articulates with which Cranial bones? | (3) 1 Parietal, Occipital, Sphenoid |
| Thin upper part of Temporal bone, most susceptible to fracture? | Squamous Portion |
| Densest portion of skull, houses organs of hearing & equilibrium? | Petrous Portion of Temporal |
| Other terms for Petrous Portion of Temporal | Petrous Pyramid, Pars Petrosa, Petromastoid Portion |
| Mastoid Portion of Temporal is at the level of which vertebra? | C1 |
| Petrous Ridge is at the level of which landmark? | TEA - Top of Ear Attachment |
| Jugular Foramen and Internal Auditory Meatus are found where? | Petrous Ridge (Temporal) |
| Which bone forms the anchor for all Cranial bones? | Sphenoid |
| Sphenoid articulates with which Cranial bones? | (7) R/L Parietal, R/L Temporal, Frontal, Occipital, Ethmoid |
| Which part of Sphenoid forms portion of floor and sides of cranium? | Greater Wings |
| Foramina in Greater Wings for passage of cranial nerves? | Foramen Rotundum, Foramen Ovale, Foramen Spinosum |
| Sella Turcica surrounds what? | Pituitary Gland |
| ___ leads to the Optic Canal which ends in the Optic Foramen? | Chiasmatic (Optic) Groove |
| Deformity of the Sella Turcica can indicate ___ ? | Lesions |
| Ethmoid articulates with which Cranial bones? | (2) Frontal, Sphenoid |
| Portion of Ethmoid that forms medial walls of orbits? | Lateral Labyrinths/Masses |
| Portion of Ethmoid with many small foramina for olfactory nerves? | Cribiform Plate |
| Separates 2 Parietal bones | Sagittal Suture |
| Separates Frontal & Parietals | Coronal Suture |
| Separates Parietals & Occipital | Lambdoidal Suture |
| Separates Parietal & Temporal | Squamosal Suture |
| Junction at anterior end of Sagittal Suture | Bregma |
| Junction at posterior end of Sagittal Suture | Lambda |
| Junction of Parietal, Temporal, Greater Wing of Sphenoid | R/L Pterion |
| Junction of Squamosal & Lambdoidal Sutures | R/L Asterion |
| Asterion are formed from which infant Fontanels? | R/L Mastoid Fontanels |
| Pterion are formed from which infant Fontanels? | R/L Sphenoid Fontanels |
| An infant's Anterior Fontanel becomes what adult junction? | Bregma |
| An infant's Posterior Fontanel becomes what adult junction? | Lambda |
| ___ is the largest fontanel. It does not completely close until ___? | Anterior, 18 months |
| Portion of lateral rim near outer canthus? | Midlateral Orbital Margin |
| Which bones have a squamous or flat portion? | Frontal, Occipital, Temporal |
| This classification of skull has a width 75-80% of it's length? | Mesocephalic |
| kVp for skull? | 75-85 |
| Common positioning errors | Rotation, Tilt, excess Flexion, excess Extension, wrong tube angle |
| Anterior/Posterior separation of parts like mandibular rami show ___? | Rotation |
| Superior/Inferior separation of parts like orbital roofs show ____? | Tilt |
| Mesocephalic Petrous Ridge is __° from MSP? Dolicocephalic? Brachycephalic? | 47° Meso, ±40° Dolico, ±54° Brachy |
| Central ray and tube angle for AP Axial (Towne)? | CR 30° Caudal to OML, 2.5" ↑ Glabella |
| What is error if Dorsum Sellae is in Foramen Magnum on Towne projection? | Under Angulation of tube or insufficient Flexion |
| What is error if Anterior Arch of C1 is in Foramen Magnum on Towne projection? | Over Angulation of tube or excessive Flexion |
| CR for LAT skull? Relevant Lines? | CR 2" ↑ EAM, MSP parallel & Interpupillary Ʇ IR (IOML Ʇ front IR) |
| Which projection best visualizes Anterior & Posterior Clinoid Processes? | LAT skull |
| CR & Tube Angle for PA Caldwell? Relevant Lines? | CR 15° Caudal, Exit at Nasion, OML Ʇ IR |
| CR & Tube Angle for PA skull? Relevant Lines? | CR 0°, Exit at Glabella, OML Ʇ IR |
| When use 30° Caudal on PA skull? | Visualize (IOM) Infraorbital Margin |
| On which projection do the Petrous Ridges fill the Orbits? | 0° PA Skull |
| Where should the Petrous Ridges be for 15° Caldwell? | Lower 1/3 of Orbits |
| CR & Tube Angle for Trauma skull? | CR parallel to OML at Glabella |
| How can you differentiate AP vs PA skull? | Orbits magnified on AP |
| CR & Tube Angle for SMV skull? Relevant Lines? | CR Ʇ to IOML & IR, 1.5" ↓ Mandibular Symphysis |
| For SMV, IOML is __ to IR? IOML is __ to CR? | Parallel to IR, Ʇ to CR |
| Which projection best demonstrates the Occipital bone and Foramen Magnum? | SMV - Submentovertex |
| For SMV, the Frontal bone should superimpose __ ? | Mandibular Symphasis |
| For SMV, the Mandibular Condyles should be (anterior/posterior) to Petrous Pyramids? | Anterior |
| How do you correct for Mandibular Condyles in Petrous Ridge on SMV? | Extend head back more |
| CR & Tube Angle for PA Haas? Relevant Lines? | CR 25° Cephalic, Exit 1.5"↑ Nasion, OML Ʇ IR |
| Which projection demonstrates Dorsum Sellae and Posterior Clinoids within Foramen Magnum? | PA Axial - Haas |
| There is a __ difference btwn the orbitomeatal and infraorbitomeatal lines? | 7-8° |
| What CR angle is required for PA Axial if the IOML is Ʇ to the IR? If OML? | 37° vs 30° w OML |
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