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Ch 2 path terms
Radiography
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Achondroplasia | A hereditary, congenital disturbance that causes inadequate bone formation and results in a peculiar form of dwarfism |
| Albers-Schönberg disease | A form of osteosclerotic osteopetrosis; this is a benign skeletal anomaly that involves increased bone density in conjunction with fairly normal bone contour |
| Anencephaly | Congenital absence of the cranial vault |
| Aneurysmal bone cyst | An idiopathic condition of a cystic growth consisting of numerous blood-filled arteriovenous communications |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | A form of rheumatoid arthritis of unknown etiology that affects the spine in a progressive fashion, eventually fusing the spine into a rigid block of bone |
| Arthritis | Inflammation in which lesions are confined to the joints |
| Bursitis | Inflammation of the bursae of the tendons, with the subdeltoid bursa as the most common site |
| Cancellous bone | Refers to the spongy, latticelike structure of bone filled by bone marrow |
| Chondrosarcoma | A malignant bone tumor composed of atypical cartilage. |
| Clubfoot | Deformity of the foot involving the talus |
| Compact bone | Refers to the dense, outer portion of bone |
| Craniosynostoses | Premature or early closure of the sutures of the skull |
| Craniotubular dysplasias | A group of rare autosomal recessive hereditary diseases mainly resulting in abnormal or defective bone contour of the cranium and long bones |
| Developmental dysplasia of the hip | A malformation of the acetabulum in which the acetabulum does not completely form and the head of the femur is displaced superiorly and posteriorly |
| Diaphysis | Shaft of a long bone |
| Diploë | The spongy bone tissue found between the two tables of the cranial bones |
| E. coli | An ameba normally found in the upper intestinal tract |
| Endochondroma | A benign growth of cartilage arising in the metaphysis of a bone |
| Epiphysis | An ossification or growth center in the bones of children |
| Ewing’s sarcoma | A primary malignant bone tumor arising in medullary tissue, occurring more often in cylindrical bones |
| Exostosis | A benign bone growth projecting outward from the bony cortex |
| Ganglion | Cystic swelling that develops in connection with a tendon sheath, usually on the back of the wrist |
| Giant cell tumor (GCT) | A neoplastic growth of the skeletal system consisting of numerous multinucleated osteoclastic giant cells; also called osteoclastoma |
| Gouty arthritis | An inherited metabolic disorder with excess amounts of uric acid produced and deposited in the joint and adjacent bone, most commonly in the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe |
| Hyperostosis frontalis interna | A term associated with osteoma of the skull |
| Involucrum | A shell or sheath of new supporting bone laid down by periosteum around a sequestrum of necrosed bone |
| Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis | Known as Still’s disease and is a form of rheumatoid arthritis that affects children under 16 years of age |
| Medullary canal | Inner spongy or cancellous portion of a long bone where bone marrow is produced |
| Metaphysis | The growing portion of bone |
| Osteoarthritis | Noninflammatory degenerative joint disease occurring mainly in older persons, producing gradual deterioration of the joint cartilage |
| Osteoblastoma | Tumors of the bone arising from osteoblasts |
| Osteoblasts | The bone-forming cells responsible for bone growth, ossification, and regeneration |
| Osteochondroma | A benign tumor of adult bone capped by cartilage |
| Osteoclastoma | A tumor that is usually benign and characterized by osteolytic areas, most commonly found around the knee and wrist of young adults; comprised of numerous, multinucleated osteoclasts; also called giant cell tumor. |
| Osteoclasts | Cells that are associated with absorption and removal of bone |
| Osteogenesis imperfecta | A congenital disease in which the bones are abnormally brittle and subject to fractures |
| Osteoid osteoma | A benign tumor of bonelike structure developing on a bone and sometimes other structures |
| Osteoma | A less frequent benign growth most commonly located in the skull |
| Osteomyelitis | Infection of bone, most often caused by staphylococcus, that may localize or spread to the bone to involve the marrow and other bone tissues |
| Osteopetrosis | A hereditary disease characterized by abnormally dense bone, likely as a result of faulty bone resorption. |
| Osteophytes | Osseous outgrowths (spurs). |
| Osteosarcoma | A primary malignancy of bone usually arising in the metaphysis, most commonly around the knee |
| Polydactyly | The presence of more than five digits |
| Pott’s disease | Tuberculosis of the spine |
| Psoriatic arthritis | An inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis of the skin |
| Pyogenic arthritis | Joint inflammation that occurs secondary to other infections |
| Reiter’s Syndrome | A group of symptoms associated with complications of urethritis |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | A chronic, systemic disease primarily of joints, characterized by an overgrowth of synovial tissues and articular structures and progressive destruction of cartilage, bone, and supporting structures |
| Scoliosis | Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine |
| Sequestrum | A piece of dead, devascularized bone that separates from living bone during the process of necrosis |
| Simple unicameral bone cyst | Wall of fibrous tissue filled with fluid that frequently occurs in the long bones of children, most commonly in the humerus and proximal femur |
| Spina bifida | A developmental anomaly characterized by incomplete closure of the vertebral canal, through which the choriomeninges may or may not protrude |
| Spondylolisthesis | Forward displacement of one vertebra over another (commonly occurring at the L5-S1 junction), usually caused by a developmental defect in the pars interarticularis |
| Spondylolysis | A condition marked by a cleft or breaking down of the body of a vertebra between the superior and inferior articular processes |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Gram-positive micrococcaceae commonly present on the skin and mucous membranes |
| Syndactyly | A webbing or fusion of digits |
| Tendonitis | Inflammation of a tendon. |
| Tenosynovitis | Inflammation of a tendon and its sheath |
| Trabeculae | The spongy substance found within a bone; it gives a characteristic appearance to bony detail |
| Trabecular pattern | The intricate, weblike bony structure that is visible on a properly exposed radiograph of the skeletal system |
| Transitional vertebra | A vertebra that assumes the characteristics of the vertebrae on each side of a major spine division |
| Tuberculosis | A chronic inflammatory disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, that destroys the spine, causing softening and eventual collapse of the vertebrae, resulting in paravertebral abscess formation and exerting abnormal pressure on the spinal cord |
| Whiplash | Hyperextension-flexion injury of the spine |
Created by:
RT2017
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