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positioning final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| # of bones in the hand | 27 |
| another name for scaphoid | navicular |
| another name for lunate | semilunar |
| another name for triquetrum | triquetral, cuneiform and triangular |
| another name for pisiform | no other name |
| another name for trapezium | greater multangular |
| another name for trapezoid | lesser multangular |
| another name for capitate | os magnum |
| another name for hamate | unciform |
| why do you do a ap oblique hand norgaard/ballcatchers? | rheumatoid arthritis |
| why do you do a pa wrist with ulnar deviation? | to visualize scaphoid |
| how do you do a pa axial scaphoid, stecher? | elevate finger end of ir 20 degrees and shoot at scaphoid |
| how to do tangential carpal canal, gaynor hart? | wrist on ir, bend fingers back, cr 1 inch distal to base of 3rd metatarsal 25-30 down. |
| rotation for oblique elbows? | 45 degrees |
| how to do the axiolateral coyle method for the radial head? | flex elbow 90 degrees and shoot 45 degrees towards the shoulder |
| how to do the axiolateral coyle method for the coronoid process? | flex elbow 80 degrees and shoot 45 degrees away from the shoulder. |
| positioning for ap shoulder with external rotation? | supinate the hand so the humoral epicondyles are parallel to the Ir. greater tubercle in profile |
| positioning for ap shoulder with neutral rotation? | rest palm on the thigh. epicondyles form 45 degrees with ir |
| positioning for ap shoulder with internal rotation? | rest back of hand on hip, epicondyles perpendicular to ir. lesser tubercle in profile |
| where is the cr for the ap shoulder? | 1 inch below the coroniod process |
| what is the main reason for the ap oblique grashey? | to see the glenoid cavity |
| positioning for the ap oblique grashey | rotate 35-45 degrees toward affected side. place hand on stomach |
| CR for the ap oblique grashey? | 2 inches medial and 2 inches inferior to superolateral boarder of shoulder |
| positioning for the transthoracic lateral shoulder? | raise the unaffected arm, center ir to surgical neck of humerus |
| CR for transthoracic lateral shoulder? | perpendicular to surgical neck. angle 10-15 cephalad if pt cant raise unaffected arm |
| Positioning for inferosuperior axial shoulder, lawrence and rafert? | abduct the arm minimum of 20 degrees. humerus in external rotation. |
| CR for inferosuperior axial shoulder lawrence? | thru armpit 15-30 degree medially |
| Cr for inferosuperior axial shoulder rafert? | 15 dgrees medially thru armpit. for hill sachs defect |
| position for pa oblique shoulder, scapular y? | put anterior side of affected shoulder on ir with body rotated 45 to 60 degrees |
| CR for pa oblique shoulder, scapular y? | perpendicular to scapulohumeral joint |
| positioning for shoulder outlet, neer method? | put affected shoulder on ir. rotate pt 45-60 degrees. |
| CR for shoulder outlet, neer method? | 10-15 degrees caudad to enter superior humoral head |
| positioning for bilateral ac joints? | have shoulders lie in same horizontal plane. take 2 pics with and without weights to open joint, only if there is absolutely no dislocation. |
| CR for bilateral AC joints? | perpendicular to midline of body at level of ac joints |
| What is the advantage of doing clavicles pa? | reduces oid |
| What is the advantage of doing ap axial clavicles?(lordotic and 0-15 cephald) | projects clavicle above ribs |
| positioning for ap scapula? | abduct affected arm to make a right angle with the body |
| CR for ap scapula? | perpendicular, 2 inches inferior to coronid process |
| positioning for lateral scapula? | put pt in lao or rao, affected side on ir. 45-60 degree rotation |
| CR for lateral scapula | perpendicular to midscapula |
| positioning for ap oblique scapula? | turn away from affected side to rotate shoulder 15-25 degrees |
| what is the largest sesamoid in the body? | patella |
| how to do tangential sesamoids (lewis and holly) | prone for lewis, seated for holly. dorsiflex foot. center to 1st mtp |
| which things are well shown on the oblique foot (30 degree)? | cuboid in profile and sinus tarsi |
| CR for all foot x rays? | base of the third metatarsal |
| How to do ap axial foot, composite method? | for 1st exposure, put unaffected foot in back. angle 15 degrees posteriorly to base of 3rd metatrsal. for 2nd put unaffected foot forward. angle 25 degrees anteriorly to posterior ankle. |
| how to do axial calcaneus, plantodorsal | supine. dorsiflex foot and angle 40 cephalad near base of 3rd metatarsal |
| how to do axial calcaneus, dorsoplantar | prone. dorsiflex ankle and shoot 40 caudal to ankle |
| Lateral calcaneus CR | 1 inch distal to medial malleolus |
| rotation for mortise ankle? | 15-20 medially |
| which side does the patella lie toward? | medial side |
| knee angle for a less than 19 cm pelvis? | 3-5 caudad |
| knee angle for a 19-24 cm pelvis? | 0 |
| knee angle for a pelvis bigger than 24 cm? | 3-5 cephalad |
| lateral knee angle? | 5-7 cephalad |
| limb rotation for oblique knee? | 45 degrees |
| how to do pa axial tunnel holmblad method? | flex knee 70 degrees with patella on ir. shoot thru superior aspect of popliteal fossa |
| how to do pa axial tunnel, camp coventry? | flex knee 40 or 50 degrees. shoot thru popliteal fossa and angle to match knee flexion |
| how to do tangential patella, hughston method? | prone. tibia and fibula should form 50-60 degree angle with table. foot on collimator. angle 45 cephalad |
| how to do tangential patella, merchant method? | supine. flex knee 40 degrees. shoot 30 caudad at patellofemoral joint |
| how to do tangential patella, settegast method? | supine or prone. flex knee so patella is perpendicular to ir. angle 15-20 degrees thru patellofemoral space |
| Which pelvis is wide and shallow? | female |
| How to do ap pelvis? | medially rotate feet 15-20 degrees medial, heels 8-10 inch apart. center 2 inches inferior to asis and 2 inches superior to pubic symphysis. |
| how to do ap oblique femoral necks, modified cleaves | abduct thigh 20-45 degrees, shoot 1 in abouve pubic syphysis or at femoral neck |
| ap hip | rotate leg 15-20 degrees medially. shoot at femoral neck |
| positioning for lateral hip, lauenstein and hickey | put body of femur parallel to table |
| CR for lateral hip lauenstein | 20-25 cephalic to hip joint |
| CR for lateral hip, hickey | 20-25 cephalic and 1 inch inferior to hip joint |
| positioning for axiolateral hip, danelius miller | supine. center greater trochanter to ir. medially rotate leg 15-20 degrees. put ir at hip to be parallel to femoral neck. |
| CR for axiolateral hip, danelius miller | horizontal and thru femoral neck |
| positioning for axiolateral hip, clements nakayama | supine. leave leg in neutral position. put grid parallel to femoral neck and tilt back 15 degrees |
| CR for axiolateral hip clemets nakayama | 15 degrees posteriorly and perpendicular to femoral neck |
| ap oblique judet, internal purpose | for iliopubic column and posterior acetabulum |
| ap oblique judet internal positioning | affected side up to form 45 degrees with table. shoot 2 inches inferior to affected asis |
| ap oblique judet, external purpose | for ilioishial column and anterior acetabulum |
| ap obliue judet external positioning | affected side down to form 45 degrees. shoot at pubic symphysis |
| ap axial outlet | shoot 2 inches inferior to superior boarder of pubic syphysis. angle 20-35 cephalad for men or 30-45 for women |
| superoinferior axial inlet | shoot 40 caudad to the level of asis |
| ap dens fuchs | tip of chin and mastoid process are vertical. shoot just distal to tip of chin |
| ap dens open mouth | open mouth. pronate ahh. msp perpendicular to table. shoot into mouth |
| ap axial cspine | shoot 15-20 cephalad thru c4 |
| lateral c spine | roll shoulders posteriorly. shoot thru c4 |
| ap axial oblique cspine | turn to 45 degree angle. shoot 15-20 cephalad to c4 |
| why do you do ap axial oblique cspine? | intervertebral foramen |
| why do you do lateral swimmers for cspine? | to see c7-t1 if not on regular lateral. |
| ap tspine | shoot halfway between jugular notch and xiphoid process or t7 |
| ap oblique lumbar | rotate affected side toward ir 45 degrees. to see zygopophyseal joints |
| CR for lateral and decub abdomen | 2 inches above iliac crest |
Created by:
beanso
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