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SJC S1 PtC Final Rev
Patient Care Final review SJC Semester 1
| What the heck? | Ok, that makes sense |
|---|---|
| Patients' Needs | They are in an altered state of awareness. Fear of the unknown can be overwhelming. They fear loss of control. Emotions may be unnatural. |
| Your Personal Needs as a Technologist | •Helping others •Working with people •Making a difference •Thinking critically •Demonstrating creativity •Achieving results |
| Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs from bottom to top | Physiologic > Safety > Belongingness and Love > Esteem > Need to know and understand > Aesthetics > Self-Actualization |
| Age Groups | Infant:Birth to 1 year old Toddlers:1-3 years old Preschoolers:3-5 years old School-aged children:5-10 years old Adolescents:10-25 years old Young adults:25-45 years old Middle-aged adults:45-65 years old Mature adults:65 years old and older |
| Patients' Needs | They are in an altered state of awareness. Fear of the unknown can be overwhelming. They fear loss of control. Emotions may be unnatural. |
| Your Personal Needs as a Technologist | Helping others Working with people Making a difference Thinking critically Demonstrating creativity Achieving results |
| Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs from bottom to top | Physiologic > Safety > Belongingness and Love > Esteem > Need to know and understand > Aesthetics > Self-Actualization |
| Communication Essentials | Must have emotional intelligence. Patient care communication must be patient focused, accurate and timely. Remember to consider communication and relating with patient’s family and visitors. As a technologist, communicate within your Scope of Practice |
| Age Groups | Infant:Birth to 1 year old Toddlers:1-3 years old Preschoolers:3-5 years old School-aged children:5-10 years old Adolescents:10-25 years old Young adults:25-45 years old Middle-aged adults:45-65 years old Mature adults:65 years old and older |
| Physical Changes of Functional Aging: Nervous System | Slowing psychomotor responses Slowing of information processing Decreased visual acuity Decrease in senses |
| Physical Changes of Functional Aging: Respiratory System | Decreased cough reflex Shallow breathing Decreased pulmonary capacity Kyphosis |
| Physical Changes of Functional Aging: Musculoskeletal System | Osteoporosis Arthritis Decreased muscle strength Atrophied muscle mass Fear of fractures |
| Physical Changes of Functional Aging: Cardiovascular System | •Decreased cardiac efficiency •Orthostatic hypotension •Arteriosclerosis •DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis) •General feeling of tiredness |
| Physical Changes of Functional Aging: Integumentary System | Loss of skin elasticity Change of skin texture Loss of touch sensation Diminished sensation of heat or cold Loss of subcutaneous fatty layer |
| Physical Changes of Functional Aging: Gastrointestinal System | Loss of appetite Decreased secretions Decreased GI motility Decreased sphincter muscle control |
| Which states allow doctor assisted suicide? | Only Washington, Vermont, California, and Oregon allow doctor-assisted suicide, but Texas and many other states allow terminally ill people to have certain life-sustaining procedures withdrawn. |
| Five Stages of Grieving Process | 1. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance |
| Patient History Taking: Questioning Skills | Use open-ended questions Avoid leading questions Facilitate response from the patient Remain quiet to get a response Use probing questions to focus in on detail Repeat patient response to clarify and confirm Summarize information to verify accuracy |
| Objective Data | Perceptible to senses Able to be measured Often physiologic Signs that can be seen, heard, felt, and so on |
| Subjective Data | Patient feelings Pain level Attitude Opinion of observer Subject to interpretation |
| Sacred Seven of Medical Histories | Localization Chronology Quality Severity Onset Aggravating or alleviating factors Associated manifestations |
| Ethical analysis four basic steps | 1. Identify the problem 2. Develop alternate solutions 3. Select the best solution 4. Defend your selection |
| Torts | A civil wrong committed by one individual against the person or property of another. Two categories: Intentional misconduct Negligence |
| Types of Intentional Torts | •Assault •Battery •False imprisonment •Defamation •Fraud •Health Information Privacy |
| Assault | when a patient believes he or she has been threatened in such a way that reason to fear or to expect immediate bodily harm exists |
| Battery | Any unlawful touching may constitute battery if the patient thinks that the technologist has touched him or her in an offensive way. Battery may occur even if no injury arises from unwarranted patient contact. |
| Defamation | Slander – false spoken statement against a person’s reputation Libel –written statements, pictures, or published comments |
| Negligence | Negligence is a failure to use such care as a reasonably prudent person would use under similar circumstances. |
| Negligence Proofs (four) | 1. Duty 2. Breach of duty 3. Causation 4. Damage |
| Diagnostic Images as Records | Images are legally considered to be part of the medical record Belong to the institution in which they are made Normal retention period is 5 to 7 years Patients must sign a release form to obtain images for another provider – HIPAA requirement |
| Seven Cs of Malpractice Prevention | Competence Compliance Charting Communication Confidentiality Courtesy Caution |
| The annual whole-body effective dose limit for the occupational worker is | 50 mSv or 5 rem |
| Reccomended maximum accumulated whole-body effective dose is calculated by: | 10 mSv x Age in Years Or 1 Rem x Age in Years |
| Indirect hit theory | Involves the irradiation of water molecules in cell cytoplasm and creation of free radicals Most prevalent and most harmful to human body |
| Direct hit theory | Involves x-ray photon hitting an important macromolecule such as the DNA, causing genetic damage |
| Cellular radiosensitivity is principally a result of | the rate and duration of cellular mitosis |
| Results of radiation to a cell | Cell death Delayed mitosis Altered mitotic rate |
| Things that affect cell survival to radiation | Cell radiosensitivity Type of damage Type of radiation Radiation exposure rate Total dose of radiation given |
| Acute radiation syndrome | Requires large amounts of total body exposure within a few minutes |
| Early Effects of Acute Radiation Syndrome | 1. Prodromal stage 2. Latent period 3. Manifest stage |
| Late Effects of Acute Radiation Syndrome | 1. Somatic effects 2. Genetic effects |
| For a pregnant radiographer, what is the maximum monthly embryo/fetal dose allowed? | 0.5 mSv (0.05 rem) |
| Radiation Protection: What is the most common personnel-monitoring device | optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter-typically exchanged every 2 months |
| Four Main Mechanisms for Homeostasis | •Heartbeat •Blood pressure •Body temperature •Respiratory rate |
| Vital Signs | •Body temperature •Pulse rate •Blood pressure •Respiratory rate •Sensorium (Mental state) |
| Normal Vital Signs: Temperature | 97.7° to 99.5° F |
| Normal Vital Signs: Respirations | Adult: 12 to 20 breaths per minute Child: 20 to 30 breaths per minute |
| Normal Vital Signs: Pulse | Adult: 60 to 100 BPM Child: 70 to 120 BPM |
| Normal Vital Signs: Blood Pressure | Systolic: <120 mm Hg Diastolic: <80 mm Hg |
| Routes of Body Temperature Measurement | 1. Tympanic: tympanic membrane in the ear 2. Temporal Artery: infrared sensor that measures the temperature over the temporal artery (forehead) 3. Oral: Under tongue; do not bite down 4. Rectal: through the rectum 5. Axillary: Armpit |
| Hypothermia | Temperature below normal 97.7° F |
| Hyperthermia | Oral temperature higher than 99.5° F |
| Common sites of pulse measurement | Radial artery Brachial artery Carotid artery |
| Tidal volume | amount of air exchanged under normal conditions (one inspiration and expiration) |
| Where is proper Endotracheal tube positioning? | 1-2 inches superior to the tracheal bifurcation |
| Common Thoracostomy Insertion Site | Vary with the intrapleural substances to be removed Usually inserted in fifth to sixth intercostal space Laterally and midaxillary line |
| Central Venous Pressure Line | Catheter that is inserted into a large vein to: Administer a variety of drugs Manage fluid volume Serve as a conduit for blood analysis and transfusions Monitor cardiac pressures chemotherapy and parenteral nutrition |
| Different types of CVP lines | PORT-A-CATH (chemotherapy) PICC (peripherally inserted central catheter) Swan-Ganz catheter (pulmonary artery catheter) |
| Picc Line Placement | Most common insertion site is subclavian vein. Position should be superior vena cava, approximately 2 to 3 cm above the opening of the right atrium |
| Pulmonary Arterial (PA) Catheter (Swan-Ganz) | Predicts left-sided heart pressure by monitoring right-sided heart and pulmonary pressures. Passes through the right atrium, right ventricle, and main pulmonary artery into the right pulmonary artery |
| The U.S Department of Labor cites that ____________ are one of the leading causes of disability for people in working years. | back problems |
| Base of Support | the area between the feet, including the plantar surface area, in a standing position |
| Center of Gravity | A hypothetical area of the body where the mass of the body is concentrated; gravity works from this area. Typically at level of second sacral segment |
| Orthostatic Hypotension | A sudden drop in blood pressure caused by a change in a patient’s body position |
| Four types of wheelchair transfers: | Standby Assist Assisted Standing Pivot Two-Person Lift Hydraulic Lift |
| Octostop Restraint Board use is limited to pediatric patients up to what age? | 1 year old |
Created by:
paigeduh
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