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Procedures1 chap 8

Procedures1 Chap 8. CERVICAL THORACIC SPINE

QuestionAnswer
Spinal cord, which is enclosed by the spinal canal, begins with the ____, passes through the ________ of the skull, continues through the ____ vertebra all the way down to the lower border of the ____ vertebra. medulla oblongata, foramen magnum of the skull, first cervical vertebra, lower border of the first lumbar vertebra.
Spinal cord taper soff to a point called? Conus medullaris.
A newborn has ____ sacral segments. 5
A newborn has ___ coccygeal segments, and an average of ____ separate bones in the vertebral column. 3-5 coccygeal, average of 33 separate bones.
After fusion into a single sacrum and single coccyx, adult vert column is composed of how many bones? 26
The two primary curves are the ____ and ____. They are concave or convex? Thoracic and Sacral. Convex.
The two compensatory curves are the ____ and ___. They are concave or convex? Cervical and Lumbar. Concave.
The first compensatory curve is? Cervical (concave)
The first primary curve is? Thoracic (convex)
The second compensatory curve is? Lumbar. (concave)
The second primary curve is? Sacral. (convex)
When children raise their head they form what curve? First compensatory, cervical.
When children walk they form what curve? Second compensatory, lumbar.
Kyphosis is increased convexity of the thoracic spine curvature
Lordosis is abnormal concavity of the lumbar spine. "swayback"
Weight-bearing anterior part of the vertebra? body
Vertebral arch? Ring or arch of bone that extends posteriorly from the body.
Vertebral foramen are what? form what? opening of the posterior body and arch, (when several vertebra are stacked) these openings form the vertebral canal.
Form most of the sides of the vertebral arch? Pedicles. Extend posteriorly from each side of vert body
Extends from each pedicle to spinous process? Laminae
Extending laterally from junction of each pedicle and lamina? Transverse process.
Most posterior extension of vertebrae? Spinous process
Typical vertebra consists of ____ and _____ that form the vertebral arch. 2 pedicles and 2 laminae
Amphiarthrodial joints found between the vertebral bodies? Intervertebral joints.
Ribs articulate with transverse processes and vertebral bodies, these articulations of ribs are thoracic vertebra are called? Costal joints
Superior vertebral notch is? Inferior vertebral notch? a half moon shaped area along upper surface of each pedicle, and a half moon shaped area along lower surface of each pedicle.
When vertebra are stacked the superior and inferior vertebral notches line up and form what? A single opening, the intervertebral foramen.
Between every two vertebrae are two _____, one on each side, through which important _____ and ____ pass. intervertebral foramina, spinal nerves and blood vessels pass.
Outer fibrous portion of intervertebral disk? Annulus fibrosus.
Soft inner part of disk? Nucleus pulposus
Herniated nucleus pulposus, slipped disk, is what? When the nucleus pulposus (soft inner part) protrudes through outer layer.
Rather than two laminae and a spinous process, C1 has ? a posterior arch that bears a small posterior tubercle.
Segments of bone between the superior and inferior articular processes on C1 are called? lateral masses. (articular pillars for other c-verts)
Cervical zygapophyseal joints of the 2nd-7th verts are located at ____ angles. 90 degree, right angles.
Cervical zygapophyseal joints of the 2nd-7th verts are visualized in what position? true lateral
Cervical zygapophyseal joint of C1 and C2 (_________ joints) are visualized in what position? Atlantoaxial. AP open mouth projection
Cervical intervertebral foramina are situated at a _____ angle to the _____ plane, and open ______. 45 degree angle to the midsagittal plane, and open anteriorly
Because of the shape and overlapping of the cervical vertebrae, the ________ are directed in a what degree angle? the intervertebral foramina, 15 degree inferior angle.
To open up and demonstrate the cervical intervertebral foramina, what is required? a 45 degree oblique position with a 15 degree cephalic CR angle.
Each facet or combo of 2 demifacets accepts the head of a rib to form what costovertebral joint
Vertebrae with two demifacets…. share articulations with the heads of ribs.
Facets? T1 full and a demifacet on inferior margin.
facets? T2-T8 demifacets on upper and lower
Facets? T9 one demifacet on upper
Facets? T10-T12 full facets.
What thoracic vertebrae have costotransverse joints in addition to costovertebral? The first 10.
difference between costotransverse and costovertebral joints? Costovertebral- ALL 12 have full or demifacets on each side of vert body for rib head. Costotransverse- first 10 have facets (one on each transverse process) that articulate with the tubercles of ribs 1-10.
Vertebral foramen vs intervertebral foramina? Vertebral foramen is formed by the body and arch, and creates the vertebral canal for the spinal cord. Intervertebral foramina is formed by the superior and inferior notches (which are formed by pedicles). One on each side. Nerves and blood vessels pass
What passes through each transverse foramen? vertebral artery and veins and certain nerves
Costotransverse joints are what? facets on each transverse process that articulate with the tubercles of the ribs.
T-spine. Zygapophyseal joints form an angle of? 70-75 degrees
T-spine. intervertebral foramina are located at what angle? 90 degrees or right angles.
T-spine intervertebral foramina are seen in what position? lateral
Zygapophyseal joint movement type? (diarthrodial) plane/gliding
Best view to see spinous processes of t-spine and why? lateral, they are long and projected very far inferiorly.
C-spine. Zygapophyseal joints are located between what? articular pillars of each vertebrae.
Lateral positon. What is best seen for C and T spine? Cspine is zyga joints, Tspine is intervertebral foramina
Oblique position. What is best seen for C and T spine? Cspine is intervertebral foramina, Tspine is zyga joints.
C-spine. LPO what is being shown? LPO= open up RIGHT intervert foramina, or those on the UPSIDE
LPO RPO CR angle for c-spine? 15 cephalic
(C-spine and T-spine) POSTERIOR obliques show upside or downside? ANTERIOR obliques show upside or downside? posterior obliques-upside. (farthest from the IR) Anterior- downside (closest to the IR)
What is located between the articular pillars of each vertebrae in the c-spine? zyga joints.
Mastoid tip is at level..? C1 or an inch below EAM.
With head in neutral position, the angle of the jaw (or gonion) is at the same level as... C3
Created by: Zoest35
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