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HSCI 131
Chapter 13 Male Reproductive System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| gamete | reproductive cell (ovum or sperm) that contains one-half of the chromosomes required to produce an offspring of the species |
| libido | psychological and physical drive for sexual activity |
| semen | fluid containing sperm and secretions from the prostate and other structures of the male reproductive system |
| sphincter | ringlike muscle that opens and closes a body opening to allow or restrict passage through the structure |
| testosterone | androgenic hormone responsible for the development of the male sex organs, including the penis, testicles, scrotum and prostate |
| andr/o | male |
| androgenic | pertaining to maleness |
| balan/o | glans penis |
| balanoplasty | surgical repair of the glans penis |
| crypt/o | hidden |
| cryptorchidism | condition of hidden testes |
| epididym/o | epididymis |
| epididymotomy | incision of the epididymis |
| genit/o | genitalia |
| genitourinary | pertaining to the genitals and urinary tract |
| gonad/o | gonads; sex glands |
| gonadopathy | disease of the sex glands |
| olio/o | scanty (decreased production) |
| oligospermia | scanty (decreased production) of sperm |
| orch/o | testis |
| orchitis | inflammation of testes |
| orchi/o | testis |
| orchialgia | pain in the testes |
| orchid/o | testis |
| orchidoptosis | downward displacement of the testes |
| test/o | testis |
| testalgia | pain of a testis |
| perine/o | perineum (area between scrotum or vulva and anus) |
| perineal | pertaining to the perineum |
| prostat/o | prostate gland |
| prostatomegaly | enlargement of the prostate gland |
| spermat/o or sperm/o | spermatozoa, sperm cells |
| spermatocele | swelling/hernia containing sperm |
| spermic | pertaining to sperm cells |
| varic/o | dilated vein |
| varicocele | swelling of a dilated vein |
| vas/o | vessel; vas deferens; duct |
| vasectomy | removal of (all or part of) the vas deferens |
| vesicul/o | seminal vesicle |
| vesiculitis | inflammation of the seminal vesicle |
| -cide | killing |
| spermicide | agents that kill sperm |
| -genesis | forming, producing |
| spermatogenesis | forming or producing sperm |
| -ism | condition |
| anorchism | condition without testes |
| -spadias | slit, fissure |
| hypospadias | a fissure under the penis |
| brachy- | short |
| brachytherapy | treatment from a short distance |
| epi- | upon, above |
| epispadias | fissure upon penis |
| balanitis | inflammation of the skin covering the glans penis, caused by bacteria, fungi or a virus |
| erectile dysfunction | repeated inability to initiate or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse |
| hypogonadism | decrease or lack of hormones normally produced by the gonads |
| hypospadias | congenital abnormality where the opening of the male urethra is on the undersurface of the penis instead of at its tip |
| phimosis | stenosis or narrowing of foreskin so that it cannot be retracted over the glans penis |
| priapism | prolonged and often painful erection of the penis, which occurs without sexual stimulation |
| prostatitis | acute or chronic inflammation of the prostate |
| testicular abnormalities | any of the various disorders that affect the testes |
| anorchism | absence of one of both testicles |
| epididymitis | inflammation of the epididymis |
| hydrocele | swelling of the sac surrounding the testes that is typically harmless |
| orchitis | painful swelling of one or both testes, commonly associated with mumps that develop after puberty |
| spermatocele | abnormal, fluid-filled sac that develops in the epididymis and may or may not contain sperm |
| testicular mass | new tissue growth that appears on one or both testes and may be malignant or benign |
| testicular torsion | spontaneous twisting of a testicle within the scrotum, leading to a decrease in blood flow to the affected testicle |
| varicocele | swelling and distension of veins of the spermatic cord, somewhat resembling varicose veins of the legs |
| sterility | inability to produce offspring; in the male, inability to fertilize the ovum |
| digital rectal examination | screening test that assesses the rectal wall surface for lesions or evaluates abnormalities of the pelvic area |
| orchiectomy | removal of one or both testicles |
| circumcision | removal of the foreskin, or fold of skin covering the tip (glans) of the penis |
| orchiopexy | fixation of the testes in the scrotum |
| prostatectomy | removal of all or part of the prostate |
| transurethral resection of prostate | excision of the prostate gland by inserting a special endoscope through the urethra and into the bladder to remove small pieces of tissue from the prostate gland |
| urethroplasty | reconstruction of the urethra to relieve stricture or narrowing |
| vasectomy | removal of all or a segment of the vas deferent for male sterilization |
| prostate-specific antigen | blood test used to detest prostatic disorders, especially prostate cancer |
| semen analysis | test that analyzes a semen sample for volume, sperm count, motility, and morphology to evaluate fertility or verify sterilization after vasectomy |
| prostate ultrasound | US using an ultrasound probe inserted through the rectum to evaluate the prostate |
| scrotal ultrasound | US used to assess the contents of the scrotum, including the testicles, epididymis, and vas deferens |
| scrotum | external sac where the 2 testis are found |
| testes | produce testosterone |
| seminiferous tubules | small tubes that twist and coil, produce sperm |
| epididymis | single, tightly coiled tube lying over each teste, stores sperm after it leaves the seminiferous tubules, first duct through which sperm passes after its production in the testes |
| vas deferens | formed by the epididymis, also called seminal duct, narrow tube that passes through the inguinal canal into the abdominal cavity |
| seminal vesicle | contains nutrients that support sperm viability and produces about 60% of the seminal fluid ejaculated during sex |
| coitus | sex |
| prostate gland | triple-lobed organ fused to the base of the bladder that secretes a thin, alkaline substance that accounts for 30% of seminal fluid |
| bulbourethral (cowper) glands | two pea-shaped structures, provide the alkaline fluid necessary for sperm viability |
| penis | male organ of copulation, composed of erectile tissue |
| urethra | expels semen and urine from the body |
| glans penis | enlarged tip of the penis |
| prepuce | foreskin, moveable hood of skin that covers the glans penis |
| urology | branch of medicine concerned with the male reproductive system as well as urinary disorders in both males and females |
| urologist | physician who specializes in diagnosis and treatment of genitourinary disorders |
| gonorrhea | caused by bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoea. most common symptom in men is painful urination and white discharge, women commonly asymptomatic if symptoms occur it would be vaginal discharge or pelvic pain, could cause blindness in babies, could cause PID |
| dysuria | painful urination |
| leukorrhea | white discharge |
| cystitis | inflammation of bladder |
| arthritis | inflamed joints |
| chlamydia | Chlamydia trachomatis, most prevalent &one of most damaging, "silent disease", mayhave whitedischarge from penis, inflammation of cervix, could leadto sterility/transfer to baby, treated w/ antibiotics but not usually found until theres irrevesible damage |
| syphilis | Treponema pallidum, could become chronic and multi systemic, chancre with hard edges in first phase, multi symptomatic 2nd phase (hard to diagnose), 3rd phase is latent (symptoms of blindness, mental disorder, death), antibiotic therapy could treat |
| genital herpes | red,blisterlike painful lesions in genitals, type2 herpes virus, can cause oral sores from oral sex, fluid in blisters infectious and contain virus, associated with viral shedding. lesions in men: glans/foreskin/shaft. females: vagina/butt/thighs. no cure |
| viral shedding | virus is present on the skin of the infected patient and can be transmitted to sexual partners even when no lesions are present, could be transferred to baby during birth, could cause death of infant |
| Genital warts | caused by HPV, could be small and unnoticeable or large and in clusters. females: on vulva, in vagina, on cervix. males: penis or around rectum. surgical excision or freezing (could disappear on their own) |
| condylomata, condylomas | genital warts |
| HPV | known to increase risk of cancers (penile, vaginal, cervical and anal). also cause a much greater incidence of miscarriages. HPV 16 is high risk and often leads to cervical cancer. no treatment to eliminate virus, only to treat warts. vaccine available |
| trichomoniasis | Trichomonas vaginalis (protozoan): symptoms more common in females (vaginitis, urethritis, cystitis, frothy yellow green smelly discharge, itching). males have irritation in penis, mild discharge, slight dysuria. should treat both partners |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia/hypertrophy | commonly associated with aging process. as prostate enlarges, it decreases the urethral lumen, and complete voiding of urine becomes difficult. urine that remains in bladder becomes bacteria breeding ground. bladder and kidney infections may result |
| cystitis | bladder infection |
| nephritis | kidney infection |
| cryptorchidism | failure of testes to descend into the scrotal sac prior to birth, commonly causes inguinal hernia. correction could be surgical suspension of testes in scrotum (usually done before child is 2). |
| orchiopexy | surgical suspension of testes in the scrotum. common treatment for cryptorchidism |
| prostate cancer | incidence increases with age, difficulty starting to urinate and stopping, dysuria, urinary frequency and hematuria. blood test for prostate-specific antigen and periodic digital rectal examination. |
| hesitancy | difficulty starting urination |
| radical prostatectomy | removal of the entire prostate |
| brachytherapy | radioactive seeds are placed directly in the malignant tissue (prostate cancer) |
| external beam radiation (teletherapy) | high energy x-ray beams are generated by a machine and directed at the tumor from outside the body to destroy prostate tissue |
| combined hormonal therapy | administering antiandrogenic agents as well as hormones that deplete the body of testicular hormones, effective in treating early stages of prostate cancer |
| castration (bilateral orchiectomy) | surgical removal of the testes |
| testicular cancer | most common form of cancer in young adult males, could be asymptomatic, swelling, enlargement or lump in testes, testicular pain or discomfort. responsive to treatment if found early. men should perform testicular self examination monthly. |
| gynecomastia | enlargement of breast tissue |
| metastasized | cancer spread throughout the body |
Created by:
arehberg
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