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ch15 H2O & solutions

QuestionAnswer
water in the liquid state water is a simple triatomic molecule
the oxygen atom forms a covalent bond with each of the H atoms
water is polar (charged)
the negative end of 1 water molecule attracts the positive end of another one
surface of water acts like a skin because of its ability to form H bonds. the molecules in the body of water are attracted to each other
the molecules on the surface experience an unbalanced attraction as a result, H molecules at the surface tend to be drawn inward
surface tension the inward force, or pull, that tends to minimize the surface area of a liquid
surfactant it is possible to decrease the surface tension of water by adding this
give 2 examples of a surfactant soaps and detergents
vapor pressure because H bonds hold water molecules to one another tendency of these molecules to escape is low and evaporation is slow if this was not true all the lakes and oceans would tend to evaporate
ice is 1 of the only few solids that floats in their own liquid. when it melts it open framework collapses
layer of ice on top of a pond insulates therefore aquatic life can survive
aqueous solutions water that contains dissolved substances
solvents what is doing the dissolving
solutes what is being dissolved
a ______ dissolves the ______ solvent, solute
if coolade is mixed in water what is the solvent and what is solute water- solvent coolade- solutes
the _____ becomes dispersed in the ______ solute, solvent
water is polar with the _________ and the ________ H end being + and the oxygen end being -
as individual solute ions break away from the crystal the - and + charged ions become surrounded by solvent molecules and the ionic crystal dissolves
solvation the process by which the + and - ions of an ion solid become surrounded by solvent molecules
in some ionic compounds the attractions among the ions in the crystals are stronger than the attractions exerted by the water this is why oil and water don't mix
example of solvation oil and water
electrolyte a compound that conducts an electric current when it is in an aqueous solution of in the molten state
all ionic compounds are electrolytes because they dissociate into ions
hydrate a compound that contains water of hydration. water leaves the compound when it is heated up (condensation)
nonelectrolytes a compound that does not conduct and electric current in either aqueous solution or the molten state
strong electrolyte ions dissociate and conduct electric current
weak electrolyte weakly conducts electricity
efflorescent hydrates the force holding the water molecules in hydrates are not very strong
so when a hydrate is exposed to low humidity air it effloresces which means they lose water and become coated with a white powder
hygroscopic hydrates hydrates salts that have a low vapor pressure remove water from moist air to form higher hydrates
what is a common use of hygroscopic desiccants
deliquescent compounds they remove sufficient water from the air to dissolve completely and form solutions
what is an example of deliquescent compounds NaOH pellets
suspensions a mixture form which particles settle out upon standing
what does a suspension differ from a solution because the particles of a suspension are much larger and do not stay suspended indefinitely ex) Italian dressing
colloids heterogeneous mixtures containing particles that range in size from 1 nm to 1000 nm
colloids have particles smaller than those in suspensions and larger than those in solutions
what is an example of a colloid whipped cream, marshmallow, milk
the tyndall effect the scattering of visible light by colloidal particles ex) a beam of light passed through particles in mist or dust in the air
Brownian motion is the chaotic movement of colloidal particles Robert brown first observed this. the collisions help prevent the colloidal particles from settling
coagulation colloidal particles clump together to form substances that precipitate for the dispersion ex) blood clotting
emulsion a colloidal dispersion of a liquid in a liquid ex) mayonnaise
how do things dissolve - H2O forms a solution and a + H2O forms a - solution
Created by: Lauren Bowers
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