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MedSurg
Stack #205728
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Disease | Disease – the pattern of the body’s response to some form of injury that causes a deviation from or variation of normal conditions. |
| Define Pathogenesis | Pathogenesis - step by step development of a disease and the chain of events leading to that disease. |
| Define Lesion | Lesion – any abnormal tissue causes by a change in cells. |
| Define Sign | Sign – measurable or objective manifestations of the disease process. |
| Define Symptom | Symptom – the experience the patient feels and describes. |
| Define Acute | Acute – a disease with a rapid onset and/or a short course. |
| Define Chronic | Chronic – a disease that is long-lasting or recurrent. |
| Syndrome | indicates the presence of a combination of symptoms that commonly occur together and are related to a single cause. |
| Etiology | the study of disease causes |
| Manifestation | observed changes occurring over the course of a disease process. |
| Test | the analysis of a sample which establishes the sample is definitely not or probably is the substance. |
| Procedure | manipulation of a patient to investigation and/or treat a pathological condition. |
| Prognosis | the prediction of how a patient will progress and whether there is a chance of recovery. |
| Diagnosis | identification of a disease by it’s signs, symptoms, and from the results of various diagnostic procedures. |
| Differential Diagnosis | a list of possible diagnoses and an attempt to remove diagnoses from the list until one diagnosis remains. |
| Degenerative | a disease in which the function or structure of the affected tissues or organs will progressively deteriorate over time. |
| Metabolic | a disease that disrupts normal metabolism and affects the ability of the cell to form critical biochemical reactions. |
| Traumatic | damage or harm caused to the structure or function of the body caused by an outside agent or force, which may be physical or chemical. |
| Neoplastic | abnormal proliferation of cells that compete with normal cells and tissues for their metabolic needs. |
| Additive diseases | may require an increases technique |
| Destructive diseases | may require a decreased technique. |
| Inflammation | the initial response of body tissues to local injury such as injury, infectious organisms, and irritating chemical substances. |
| 5 clinical signs of acute inflammation | Rubor (redness) Calor (heart) Tumor (swelling) Color (pain) Loss of function |
| Edema | accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces or body cavities. |
| Localize Edema | results from an inflammatory reaction |
| Generalized Edema | occurs with pronounced swelling of subcutaneous tissues throughout the body. Occurs most frequently in patients with CHF, cirrhosis of the liver, and renal disease. |
| Ischemia | an interference with the blood supply to an organ or part of an organ, depriving the organ’s cells and tissues of oxygen and nutrients. |
| Infarct | localize area of ischemic necrosis within a tissue or organ produced by occlusion of either its arterial supply or its venous drainage. |
| Hemorrhage | rupture of a blood vessel. |
| Hematoma | an accumulation of blood trapped within body tissues. |
| Neoplasia | any new and abnormal growth, especially when the growth is uncontrolled and progressive, resulting in a neoplasm (tumor) |
| Oncology | the study of neoplasms |
| Benign | neoplasms that closely resemble their cells of origin in structure and function and remain localize. |
| Malignant | neoplasms that invade and destroy adjacent structures and spread to distant sites (metastasize), causing death. Collectively referred to as cancer. |
| Carcinoma | malignant tumor of epithelial cell origin |
| Sarcomas | malignant tumor arising from connective tissues. |
| Staging | extensiveness of a tumor at its primary site and the presence or absence of metastases. Distinguished using 0-4. T = tumor size N = node M = metastasis |
| Grading | assesses aggressiveness, or degree of malignancy. Distinguished using I-IV |
| Atrophy | a reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ or tissue, with a corresponding decrease in function. |
| Hypertrophy | an increase in the size of cells of a tissue or organ in response to a demand for increased function. |
| Hypoplasia | a decrease in the number of cells in a tissue or organ. |
| Hyperplasia | an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ. |
| Dsyplasia | loss in the uniformity of individual cells and their architectural orientation. |
| Hereditary Disease | pass from one generation to the next through the genetic information in the DNA. |
| Congenital Disease | defects or damage to a developing fetus as a result of genetic abnormalities or intrauterine environment. |
| Curative | reverses disease completely |
| Palliative | concentrates on reducing the severity of disease symptoms to prevent and relieve suffering and to improve quality of life. |
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popsicle4255
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