received revelations from God and was God's prophet
~Abu Bakr
became leader after Muhammad's death
~In Sina
scientist/philosopher wrote first medical encyclopedia
~Umayyad Dynasty
Damascus was capital, over thrown by Abbasid dynasty
~Abbasid Dynasty
under which Baghdad became capital
~Seljuk Turks
target of first crusade
~Mongols
Genghis khan ruled them. Constant feuding for power/Kublai khan, Batu Khan.
~Lineage group
communities of extended family units
~Bantu
Family of languages
~Kush
provided iron products, taken over by Auximite rulers
~Axum
Invaded and conquered Kush in 4th century AD Traded importat goods
~King Ezana
Invaded and conquered Kush, Auximite ruler
~Mali
traded gold ans alt, Captured Ghana capital
~Sundiata Keita
King of the mali empire
~Mansa Musa
grandnephew of Sundieta Keita, important to rule of mali because during his time the empire flourished
~Songhai
a great trading empire by Sunni Ali
~Sunni Ali
makes Sonhai a great trading empire in 1464
~Samurai
member of the hereditary warrior class in feudal Japan
~Shogun
the title applied to the chief military commanders from about the 8th(head of centralized government)
~Bushido
warrior code ('the way of the warrior')
~Shinto
religion ("the Sacred ways")
~Rajput
~Tang Dynasty
Restored the civil service exam, expanded borders, over thrown by Uighurs
~Song Dynasty
Moved imperial court south for protection from the turkic
~Mongol empire/dynasty
Kublai Khan, Khan city, ended with plague(Yuan dynasty) Zhu Yuanzhang raised army ended Monogol Dynasty
~Genghis Khan
founded mongol empire(Temujin was first name, changed after becoming ruler)
~Ghazna(Ghazni)
City once devastated by Genghis Khan, thriving with buddism
~Mahmud of ghazni
first ruler to carry the "sultan" title
~Timur Lenk
military, conquered much land
~Feudalism
several rulers instead of one central government
~Vassal
someone who provides protection or military aid, and in return receives land from the nobles known as fiefs
~Magna Carta
1215, english charter, lowered rights of king, signed by king John
~Monasticism
practiced by monks
~Fief
consisted of inheritable lands or revenue
~Serf
unfree peasant under feudalism, worked farm land
~Constantinople
City, Byzantine empire
~Justinian Code
religion and laws converted to Latin during Byzantine Empire
~Crusades
military campaigns run by Christian Europe mainly against Muslims, torture, court
~Frankish Kingdom
Territory lived on by Franks, changed empires numerous times
~Monks
dedicated their lives to God, live in monk communities, monasticisms, saint benedict
~St. Benedict
Benedictine rules for monks
~Charles the Great
King of Franks for a period of time, expanded the territory greatly, 768
~William of Normandy
king of England and Duke of Normandy
~Henry II
grandson of william of normandy, ruler of England and Normandy at short time periods
~King Philip II Augustus
expanded french territory and defeated English in Normandy and other places
~Holy Roman Empire
founded on Frankish land, Otto I gave Pope protection and was granted King of the Romans
~Byzantine Empire
Constantinople was capital, part of Holy Roman Empire(basically another name??)
~Justinian
Western Roman Empire revival....didn't work, long line of Byzantine empire emperors
~Pope Urban II
bribed his way to being Pope, dream of "Christian empire" this empire would be ruled by him(atlantic to holy land)
~Alexius I
Emperor of Byzantine Empire, Eastern Orthodox leader, wanted to help Urban II with his dream
~Slavs
Eastern Orthodox was accepted, Poland, morovia. Serbia...
~Manor
land under manorialism
~Commercial Capitalism
replaced feudalism, used like money instead of bartering
~Papal States
church gained control of territies in central itlay
~Inquisition
Pope innocent the 3(stop heresy in the South of France and Italy) 2nd religious imps of the black death(thought it was the heretics, the state killed this people that weren't apart of the church)
~New Monarchies
Henry VII of England
~Black Death
plague to which had been started by rats and rat bites
~Heretic
someone who chooses to believe; teach, or do something contrary to the beliefs of a set group, religion, or country
~Cistercians
group of monks started this order because they were unhappy with the lack of discpline of their Benedictine monestary
~Franciscans
founded by Francis of Assisi, abandoned material goods, poverty
~Dominicans
examiners of people suspected of heresy, founded by Dominic de Guzman, wanted to defend the Church teachings against heresy
~Romanesque style
barrel vaulted roofs, massive pillars and walls to support roofs
~Gothic style
ripped and pointed arches, flying buttresses, windows, more light
~Pope Gregory VII
Chosen by God to reform church, power over christian kindoms (he claimed) appoint clergy and run church affairs with no interference from lords, lords against him would be replaced
~Henry IV
Germany, Henry opposed Gregory about decreees of forbidding clerics from receiving their offices from secular leaders, he was excommunicated...twice
~Francis of Assisi
spiritual awakening, love and simplicity, gave up material goods, and lived and preache din poverty
~Milan
Land locked city state, one of the richest city-states
~Venice
independent city, between asia and europe, GREAT trading
~Florence
independent city, dominated Tuscany, waged wars, won many, strong and dominent
~Rome
Center of Catholic church during history
~Secular
worldly viewpoint
~mercenaries
soldiers who sold services to highest bidder
~Dowry
money goods, or estate a women brings to marriage
~Renaissance
cultural movement from 14th century to 17th century
~Leonardo da Vinci
Artist/scientist/inventor, "military genius"
~Cosimo
controlled Florence
~Lorenzo de' Medici
dominated Florence
~Niccolo
wrote book "The Prince", political pwer
~Johannes Gutenberg
first to use movable type printer, goldsmith
~Humanism
broad category of ethical philosophies, imitation of nature amd human focused world view
~Vernacular
variety
~Fresco
painting done on plastered ceilings/walls
~Dante
Comedian
~Chaucer
"The Canterbury Tales" author/poet
~Michelangelo
sculpeter/painter/architect, Sistine Chapel of Rome
~Raphael
Painted many virgin Mary's, Frescoes of Vatican Palace, School of Athens
~Christian humanism
belief that human freedom and individualism are intrinsic (natural) parts of life
~Salvation
saved from suffering
~Indulgence
temporary punishment for sins that have been forgiven
~Edict of Worms
addressed luther and the protestant reformation
~Ninety Five Theses
Written by martin Luther, protestant reformation
~Bohemia
Austrian lands
~Hungary
Austrian lands
~Peace of Augsburg
Treaty between Charles V and Lutheran princes
~Wittenberg
~Martin Luther
Father of Protestantism, German reformation, different domination of the Church
~Eramus
pure Latin writer, Rose questions on the Protestant reformation
~Charles V
outlawed Luther and his followers
~Predestination
decision to where you will go in after life under christianity
~Annul
get rid of
~Trent
~Zurich
~Geneva
~Anabaptists
Christians of the Radical reformation
~Jesuits
Roman Catholic religious order, founder Ignatius of Loyola
~Zwingli
~Calvin
founded the theological approach to the Christian religion
~Henry VIII
excommunicated for divorce, ended up back in the church
~Mary I of England (Bloody Mary)
bestard child of Henry VIII, tudor dynasty, 4th
~Ignatius of Loyola
founder of the "Society of Jesus", Jesuits
~Aramada
navy/fleet
~Huguenots
members of the prostestant reform church of France
~Edict of Nantes
Granted the calvinists and protestants the right to worship in public
~English Channel
~Philip II
~Spanish Netherlands
~Elizabeth Tudor
2nd daughter, fourth child of Henry VII, Queen for some time.
~Henry of Navarre
Changed his religion from Calvinism to Catholicism, King at one point
~Absolutism
absolute power to the king
~Divine Right of Kings
much like absolutism, religion and political power for kings
~Puritans
religious sect to which believe the reformation did not go far enough
~Toleration Act
gave protestants and other sect a place of worship, legally
~Thirty Years War
religious war between protestants and catholics
~New Model Army
formed during English Civil war
~Malleus Maleficarum
book for the banning and finding of witches, second selling to the bible
~James I
King of England for a while, protestant
~Charles I
advocated to the Divine Right of Kings, got into a brawl with parliament over the subject
~Oliver Cromwell
commander in New model Army, puritan, ended Parliament and headed a military dictatorship
~William of Orange
Invaded England after being invited by English Nobles
~Prussia
~Austria
~Czar
~Boyars
member of highest rank after princes during feudalist times
~St. Petersburg
~Louis XIV
sun king, did not control thrown until old enough, wanted to be like a god, "Apollo"
Ch.18 LTI-MA 509
