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Transcription
Mizzou, Spring 2015, Biochem Final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| transcription | provides the intermediate between genetic information (DNA) and proteins |
| transcription | the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template |
| RNA polymerase | transcription is catalyzed by ____ _____ |
| 5' to 3' | RNA is synthesized _________ |
| complementary | the newly synthesized RNA is _________ to one of the DNA strands (called the anti-sense strand) |
| no | is an RNA primer required for transcription? |
| mRNA | in transcription, the synthesis of ______ by RNA polymerase occurs using a DNA template |
| promoter | in the transcription of prokaryotes, the SIGMA subunit recognizes the _____, which contains the START POINT OF TRANSCRIPTION |
| Pribnow box | is an essential part of a promoter site on DNA for transcription in bacteria (prokaryotes); contains the sequence TATAAT |
| RNA polymerase | ____ _____ is semi-acurate (~1 error in 10,000bp); much higher error rate than DNA replication, but it's acceptable because mutations in RNA are not inherited |
| intrinsic termination | inverted repeats in the DNA, these form a G:C rich HAIRPIN LOOP in the RNA which stalls RNA polymerase |
| Rho-dependent | this causes dissociation of RNA polymerase from the DNA |
| response elements | DNA sequences upstream of the promoter can control transcription |
| transcription factors | response elements bind ______ ______ which are proteins that control initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase |
| enhancers | response elements that increase transcription rates |
| silencers | response elements that decrease transcription rate |
| operon | a group of genes close together that code for proteins involved in a common metabolic pathway (prokaryotes ONLY) |
| nucleus | transcription in eukaryotes occurs in the ______ |
| three | _____ RNA polymerase(s) is/are known for transcription in eukaryotes |
| one | _____ RNA polymerase(s) is/are used for transcription in prokaryotes |
| 1 | RNA Polymerase __ is the precursors of most, but not all rRNAs |
| 2 | RNA Polymerase __ are mRNA precursors |
| 3 | RNA Polymerase __ are tRNAs, precursors of 5S rRNA, and a variety of other small RNAs involved in mRNA processing & protein transport |
| response elements | enhancers that respond to certain metabolic factors |
| transcription factors | response elements bind _____ ______ under certain cell conditions (such as cyclic-AMP response element, heat shock element, and metal response element) |
| helix turn helix | this motif exactly fits across the major groove of B-DNA; both helices have glutamine or arisen which can H-bond with adenine and guanine |
| zinc finger | ____ ____ proteins are able to wrap around the major groove of DNA |
| transcription | tRNA, rRNA, & mRNA are all modified after ______ to give the functional form |
| post transcription modification of RNA | trimming of leader and trailer sequences; addition of terminal sequences; modification of the structure of specific bases |
| tRNA | the precursor of several ______s are frequently transcribed as one long polynucleotide sequence; trimming, addition of terminal sequences, and base modification all take place |
| rRNA | ____ is methylated and trimmed to proper size; several _____s are generated from one long transcript |
| eukaryotes | modifications of RNA in ______, the post-transcription processing of mRNA has 5' cap, Poly-A tail, and RNA splicing to remove non-coding RNA; all of these processes occur in the NUCLEUS |
| 5' | capping the ____ end of RNA with an N-7 methylated guanine that is bonded to the next residue by a 5' 5' triphosphate |
| 3' | ___ polyadenylation of mRNA (eukaryotes only); a few hundred adenine nucleotides are added to the ____ end of the mRNA before it leaves the nucleus; this protects the mRNA from nucleases and phosphatases |
| RNA splicing | this occurs in eukaryotes only; the modification of pre-mRNA transcript where introns are removed and exons are joined |
| introns | ______ are removed from mRNA via a process called splicing |
| exons | final spliced mRNA contains only ______ |
| polyadenylation | adding a poly-A tail on the 3' end |
| 5' | the _____ end of an RNA strand is the cap end |
| eukaryotes | transcription capping, polyadenylation, and splicing ONLY occur in this organism |
| nucleus | transcription capping, polyadenylation, and splicing occur in the _____ |
Created by:
oliviarees95
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