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MCAT Beh. Sci Ch. 9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Status: | Is a position in society used to classify individuals |
| Ascribed Status: | Is involuntarily assigned to an individual based on race, ethnicity, gender, family background, etc |
| Achieved Status: | Is voluntarily earned by an individual |
| Master Status: | Is the status by which an individual is primarily identified |
| Role: | Is a set of beliefs, values, and norms that define the expectations of a certain status in a social situation |
| Role Performance: | Refers to carrying out the behaviors of a certain role |
| A Role Partner Is: | Another individual who helps define a specific role within the relationship |
| A Role Set: | Contains all of the different roles associated with a status |
| Role Conflict: | Occurs when one has difficulty in satisfying the requirements of multiple roles simultaneously |
| Groups: | Are made up of two or more individuals with similar characteristics that share a sense of unity |
| A Peer Group: | Is a self-selected group formed around similar interests, ages, and statuses |
| A Family Group: | Is the group into which an individual is born, adopted, or married |
| An In-Group: | Is a group with which an individual identifies |
| An Out-Group: | Is one with which an individual competes or opposes |
| A Reference Group: | Is a group to which an individual compares him or herself |
| Primary Groups: | Are those that contain strong, emotional bonds |
| Secondary Groups: | Are often temporary and contain fewer emotional bonds and weaker bonds overall |
| Gemeinschaft (Community): | Is a group unified by feelings of togetherness due to shared beliefs, ancestry, or geography |
| Gesellschaft (Society): | Is a group unified by mutual self-interests in achieving a goal |
| Groupthink: | Occurs when members begin to conform to another's views and ignore outside perspectives |
| A Network Is: | An observable pattern of social relationships between individuals or groups |
| Organizations: | Are bodies of people with a structure and culture designed to achieve specific goals. They exist outside of each individual's membership within the organization. |
| The Basic Model Of Social Situations: | States that there are universal emotions, along with corresponding expressions, which can be understood across cultures |
| The Social Construction Model Of Social Situations: | States that emotions are solely based on the situational context of social interactions |
| Display Rules: | Are unspoken rules that govern the expression of emotion |
| A Cultural Syndrome: | Is a shared set of beliefs, norms, values, and behaviors organized around a central theme, as is found among people sharing the same language and geography |
| Impression Management: | Refers to the maintenance of a public image, which is accomplished through various strategies |
| Self Disclosure: | Is sharing factual information |
| Managing Appearances: | Refers to using props, appearance, emotional expression, or associations to create a positive image |
| Ingratiation: | Is using flattery or conformity to win over someone else |
| Aligning Actions: | Is the use of excuses to account for questionable behavior |
| Alter-casting: | Is imposing an identity onto another person |
| The Dramaturgical Approach: | Says that individuals create images of themselves in the same way that actors performs a role in front of an audience |
| The Front Stage: | Is where the individual is seen by the audience and strives to preserve his desired image |
| The Back Stage: | Is where the individual is not in front of an audience and is free to act outside of his desired image |
| Communication Includes: | Both verbal and nonverbal elements |
| Verbal Communication: | Is the conveyance of information through spoken, written, or signed words |
| Nonverbal Communication: | Is the conveyance of information by means other than the use of words, such as body language, prosody, facial expressions, and gestures |
| Animal Communication: | Takes place not only between nonhuman animals, but between humans and other animals as well. Animals use body language, rudimentary facial expressions, visual displays, scents, and vocalizations to communicate. |
Created by:
SamB91
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