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Chapter 25
War and Revolution
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Unrestricted Submarine Warfare | a type of naval warfare in which submarines sink vessels such as freighters and tankers without warning, as opposed to attacks per prize rules |
| Total War | a war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the objectives pursued, especially one in which the laws of war are disregarded. |
| Georges Clemenceau | a French statesman who led the nation in the First World War, who played a key role in negotiating the Treaty of Versailles (1841-1929) |
| Versailles Treaty | the 1919 peace settlement that ended war between Germany and the Allied powers |
| Paris Peace Conference, 1919 | meeting of the Allies to make negotiations for the Central Powers. |
| Big Four | Important leaders during World War I were David Lloyd George of Great Britain, Vittorio Orlando of Italy, Clemenceau of France, and President Woodrow Wilson. |
| Western Front | The name implied to the fighting zone in France and Flanders, where the British, French, Belgian, and (toward the end of the war) the American armies faced Germany |
| Schlieffen Plan | Based on the theory that Germany would be at war with France and Russia |
| trench warefare | a type of combat in which opposing troops fight from trenches facing each other. |
| Triple Alliance | The alliance of Austia, Germany, and Italy. Italy left the alliance when war broke out in 1914 on the grounds that Austria had launched a war of aggression |
| Dreadnoughts | the predominant type of battleship in the early 20th century |
| Archduke Franz Ferdinand | Heir to Austria-Hungary who was murdered by radical Serbian nationalists. This resulted in Austrian mobilization with the full support of Germany. Soon this was no longer a war in the Balkans, but an entire world war. |
| Zimmerman Telegram | The message came as a coded telegram dispatched by the Foreign Secretary of the German Empire, by _________on January 16, 1917. The message was sent to the German ambassador of Mexico, Heinrich von Eckardt. |
| Balfour Note 1917 | was a letter from the United Kingdom's Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour to Baron Rothschild for transmission to the Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland. |
| fourteen points | a statement given on January 8, 1918 by United States President Woodrow Wilson declaring that World War I was being fought for a moral cause and calling for postwar peace in Europe. |
| Woodrow Wilson | Though he pledged to keep America out of World War I, this president was obliged to declare war on Germany after the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare in early 1917 |
| "self- determination" | is a cardinal principle in modern international law (jus cogens rule), binding, as such, on the United Nations as authoritative interpretation of the Charter’s norms |
| Princip, "Black Hand" | assassinator of Arch-duke Franz Ferdinand, member of the Serbian nationalist/terrorist group responsible for the assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand which resulted in the start of World War I |
| Kaiser Wilhelm II | German emperor in World War I; his aggressive foreign policy is often blamed for starting the war. |
| "blank check" | Promise of support from Germany to Austria-Hungary after Ferdinand's assassination; Austria-Hungary sought reprisals against Serbia; one of many events that cascaded into global war. |
| Central Powers | Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire were the chief powers at war with the Allies |
| Allies (Triple Entente) | Name used by countries fighting the Central Powers; major members were Britain, France, Russia, and Italy; later in the war, the United States and Japan joined their cause. |
| Poison gas | Any of various toxic gases, usually used against trenches, used to kill or incapacitate on inhalation; phosgene chlorine, etc. |
| U-boats | A German submarine used in World War I and later in World War II |
| Zeppelins | A large cylindrical German airship used for reconnaissance and bombing, and after the war as passenger transports. |
| Eastern Front | Fighting on the German-Russian, Austro-Russian, and Austro-Romanian fronts. |
Created by:
birmingham
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