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RAD 300

Intro to Rad Science: Terminology Ch. 3

QuestionAnswer
Musculoskeletal Consists of bones, articulation (joints), and muscles. Ligaments connects bones to bones. Tendons connects muscles to bones. Fascia covers muscles. Cartilage covers bone ends. 1. Framework for organ systems 2. Protect organs 3. Allows movement
hemat/o, hem/o blood
oste/o, oss/i, osse/o bone
calc/o calcium
chondr/o, cartilage/o cartilage
fasci/o fascia
arthr/o, articul/o joint/ articulation
ligament/o, syndesm/o ligament
muscul/o, my/o, myos/o muscle
phosph/o, phosphat/o phosphorus
tendin/o, tend/o, ten/o tendon
Fissure Deep cleft, groove
foramen an opening, hole
fossa hollow, depression
sinus cavity or channel lined with membrane (antrum)
sulcus groove, depression that is not as deep as a fissure
condyle rounded projection at the end of a bone that anchors ligaments and articulates with adjacent bones.
crest narrow elongated elevation
epicondyle projection on the surface of the bone aboe the condyle
head rounded proximal portion of long bones
spine thornlike projection
trochanter bony projection on the proximal ends of the femurs that serves as points of attachment for muscles.
tubercle nodule or raised area
tuberosity elevation or protuberance, larger than a tubercle
antrum antr/o
bone marrow myel/o
condyle condyl/o
elbow olecran/o
epicondyle epicondyl/o
nose nas/o
sinus sin/o, sinus/o
dia- through, complete
epi- above
meta- change, beyond
peri- surrounding
-blast embryonic
-clast breaking down
-cyte cell
-physis growth
-poiesis formation
-um structure, thing
cervical neck bones: C1-C7
throracic upper back: T1-T12
lumbar lower back: L1-L5
sacral sacrum: S1-S5 fused together
coccygeal coccyx, tailbone
back of body dors/o
cervical cervic/o
coccyx coccyg/o
ethmoid ethmoid/o
frontal front/o
jaw gnath/o
lamina lamin/o
lower back lumb/o
mandible mandibul/o
mazillary mazill/o
occipital occipit/o
palatine palat/o
parietal pariet/o
rib cost/o
sacrum sacr/o
skull carni/o
sphenoid spheniod/o
spianl column rachi/o, spin/o, vertebr/o
sternum stern/o
temporal tempr/o
thorax thorac/o
vertebra vertebr/o, spondyl/o
vomer vomer/o
zygoma zygom/o, zygomat/o
frontal bone anterior part of the skull and forehead
parietal bones sides of the cranium
occipital bone back of the skull contianing the foramen magnum
temporal bones lower sides of the cranium
ethmoid bone roof and walls of the nasal cavity
sphenoid bone anterior to the temporal bones and the basilar part of the occipital bone
zygoma cheekbone
lacrimal paired bones at the corner of each eye that cradle the tear ducts
maxilla upper jaw bone
mandible lower jaw bone
vomer posterior/inferior part of the nasal septal wall between the nostrils
palatine bones roof of the mouth
inferior nasal conchae interior of the nose
scapula shoulder blades
acromion process lateral protrusion of the scapula; forming the the highest point of the shoulder
clavicle collarbones; curved horizontal bones that are above the first ribs that attached to the sternum at one end and to the acromion process on the other end.
humerus upper arm bone
radius lower lateral arm bone parallel to the ulna. distal end articulates w/ thumb side of the hand.
ulna lower medial arm bone. distal end articulates with the little finger side of the hand.
olecranon proximal projection of the ulna that forms the tip of the elbow.
carpal one of eight wrist bones.
metacarpal one of the five bones that form the middle part of the hand.
phalanx one fourteen bones that compromise the fingers of the hand, two in the thumb, and three in each of the other four fingers.
illium superior and widest bone of the pelvis
ischium lower portion of the pelvic bone
pubis lowr anterior part of the pelvic bone
femur thighbone
patella kneecap
tibia shin
fibula smaller, lateral leg bone
malleoulus process on the distal ends of the tibia and fibula
tarsal one of seven bones of the ankles, hindfoot, and midfoot
metatarsal one of the five foot bones b/w the tarsals and the phalanges
phalanx one of the fourteen toe parts, two in the great toe and three in each of the other four toes.
carpal carp/o
clavicle cleic/o
femur femur/o
fibula fibul/o, perone/o
finger, toe (whole) dactyl/o
humerus humer/o
ilium ili/o
ischium ischi/o
malleolus malleol/o
metacarpal metacarp/o
metatarsal metatars/o
patella patell/o
phalanx phalan/o
pubis pub/o
radius radi/o
scapula scapul/o
tarsal tars/o
tibia tibi/o
ulna uln/o
synarthroses immovable joints held together by fibrous cartilaginous tissues.
amphiarthroses joints joined by cartilage that are slightly movable.
diarthroses joints that have free movement, mostly ball and socket joints and hinge joints. Contains sacs of fluid b/w joints and tendons.
extension increasing angle of a joint
flexion decreasing the angle of a joint
abduction to move away from the midline
adduction to move towrads the midline
supination to turn palm/ foot upward
pronation to turn palm, foot downward
dorsiflexion to raise the foot, pulling the toes toward the shin
plantar flexion to lower the foot, pointing the toes away from the shin
eversion to turn outward
inversion to turn inward
protraction to move a part of the body forward
retraction to move a part of the body backward
rotation to revolve a bone around it axis
sternocleidomastoid muscle that attaches to the sternum, clavicle, and mastoid process
bursa burs/o
chest pector/o
clavicle cleid/o
joint arthr/o, articul/o
mastoid process mastoid/o
heart mkkuscle myocardi/o
striated muscle rhabdomy/o
smooth muscle leiomy/o
muscle my/o
sternum stern/o
ab- away from
ad- towards
amphi- both
di- through, two
e- out
in- in
pro- before, forward
re- back
syn- together
comminuted bone is shattered into pieces
compression bone collapses on itself
colles' the break of the distal end of the radius at the epiphysis
complicated bone breaks and pierces into organ
impacted bone breaks and ends are driven into each other
hairline minor fracture, thin line on x-ray
greenstic bone is partly bent and partly broken
pathologic fracture that is a result of a disease
sprain injury to a joint involving soft tissue: muscles, ligaments, and tendons
strain lesser injury; overuse or overstretch of a muscle
dislocation bone that is out of place from its joint
subluxation bone that is partially out of the jint
diaphysis long shaft of long bone
epiphysis each end of bone
epiphyseal plates underneath epiphyses
metaphysis epiphysis and epiphyseal plates that are closed together when the bone growht stops.
depression any groove, opening, or hollow space. provides an entrance and exit for vessels. protects the organs.
processes raised or projected areas. areas of attachment for ligaments or muscles.
Created by: sukysuky
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