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Patient Care
RadT 465 Patient Care and Education
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Patient consent can be given in the form(s) of (p. 3, Lange Prep) | Verbal, written, or implied |
| In order for a patient to give consent, the patient must be (p. 3, Lange Prep) | Of legal age, of sound mind, give consent freely, and be adequately informed |
| What is a tort? (p. 6 Lange Prep) | A private injustice, injury or misconduct. |
| What does "Res ipsa loquitur" mean? (p. 7, Lange Prep) | The thing speaks for itself |
| What does "Respondeat superior" mean? (p. 7, Lange Prep) | Let the master answer |
| What is the definition of "ethnocentrism"? (p. 22, Lange Prep) | Belief that one's own cultural ways are superior to other ways. |
| Blood pressure is affected by? (p. 23, Lange Prep) | Cardiac output, blood volume, and vascular resistance |
| When doing a patient transfer, which side of the patient should approach the table first? (p. 27, Lange Prep) | The patient's stronger side |
| How high should the IV bag be for IV infusions? (p. 28, Lange Prep) | 18-24 inches above the vein |
| Define: microorganism (p. 35, Lange Prep) | Living organism that is too small to be seen with the naked eye. |
| What are pathogenic microorganisms? (p. 35, Lange Prep) | Microorganisms that are capable of causing infection through the destruction of cells or tissues or secreting toxins. They can be transmitted from host to host. |
| What is antisepsis? (p. 35, Lange Prep) | The practice of stopping growth of pathogenic microorganisms. |
| What is medical asepsis? (p. 35, Lange Prep) | Destruction of pathogenic microorganisms by disinfection. |
| What is the definition of surgical asepsis? (p.35, Lange Prep) | The removal of all microorganisms and their spores (sterilization) |
| What is the most important precaution of aseptic technique? (p. 36, Lange Prep) | Hand washing |
| Pathogens are (p. 36, Lange Prep) | Causative agents; capable of producing disease |
| What are blood borne pathogens? (p. 36, Lange Prep) | Pathogens that reside in blood and can be transmitted by blood or body fluids of exposed individuals. |
| What are common blood borne pathogens? (p. 36, Lange Prep) | Hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) |
| A site of infection is an environment where pathogens survive and reproduce is (are) what? (p. 37, Lange Prep) | Reservoir |
| What are some examples of portals of exit? (p. 37, Lange Prep) | Urine, feces, blood, respiratory droplets, contaminated solutions |
| Who are considered to be the most susceptible hosts? (p. 37, Lange Prep) | Sick, infirm, immunocompromised, very young, poorly nourished, weak or fatigued individuals |
| What are health care-acquired infections? (p. 37, Lange Prep) | Nosocomial infections, infections acquired by hosts while in the hospital |
| Hospital personnel can be susceptible hosts. T/F (p. 37, Lange Prep) | True |
| What are the types of transmission for a pathogen? (p. 38, Lange Prep) | Droplet, airborne, contact |
| The route in which an infectious organism gains entry into the body is? (p. 38, Lange Prep) | Portal of entry |
| What are some examples of portals of entry? (p.38, Lange Prep) | Breaks in the skin, GI tract, mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, or mouth; respiratory tract, and urinary tract |
| What is a fomite? (p.38, Lange Prep) | A contaminated inanimate object |
| An animal or insect that carries an infectious organism is? (p. 38, Lange Prep) | Vector |
| HIV can only be transmitted by contact such as? (p. 39, Lange Prep) | Intimate contact with blood or body fluids of infected individuals; sharing contaminated needles, sexual contact, mother to baby from child birth, blood transfusions |
| Standard precautions states that all body fluids and substances are considered? (p. 40, Lange Prep) | Contaminated |
| What are examples of contaminated substances and fluids? (p. 40, Lange Prep) | Blood, breast milk, vaginal secretions, amniotic fluid, semen, peritoneal fluid, synovial fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, feces, urine, secretions from nasal and oral cavities and lacrimal and sweat glands |
| What is the most common hospital-care acquired infection (HAI)? (p. 40, Lange Prep) | Urinary tract infection |
| What are some examples of airborne precaution pathogens? (p.41, Lange Prep) | TB, Chickenpox, measles |
| What kind of room are patients on airborne precautions in? (p.41, Lange Prep) | Negative pressure room |
| How are droplet precaution pathogens passed? (p.41, Lange Prep) | Coughing, speaking, or sneezing |
| What are some examples of droplet precaution pathogens? (p.42, Lange Prep) | Rubella, mumps and influenza |
| What are some examples of contact precaution pathogens? (p. 42, Lange Prep) | MRSA, Clostridium difficile (C-difficile); some wounds |
| Protective or reverse isolation rooms are utilized for what type of patients? (p. 43, Lange Prep) | Immunocompromised patients - leukemia or tranplant recipient patients; burn patients |
| What is the normal respiratory rate? (p.52, Lange Prep) | 12-18 breaths/minute |
| Normal adult systolic blood pressure ranges are? (p.52, Lange Prep) | 100-140 mm/Hg |
| Normal adult diastolic blood pressure ranges are? (p. 52, Lange Prep) | 60-90 mm/Hg |
| Hypertension is defined as? (p. 52, Lange Prep) | 140/90 consistently |
| Dyspnea is defined as? (p.52, Lange Prep) | Difficulty breathing |
| Tachycardia is defined as? (p.53, Lange Prep) | Abnormally fast pulse rate |
| Bradycardia is defined as? (p. 53, Lange Prep) | Abnormally slow pulse rate |
| Blood pressure is affected by what three factors? (p. 53, Lange Prep) | Cardiac output, blood volume, vascular resistance |
| What is the most frequently used breathing device to supplement oxygen? (p. 54, Lange Prep) | Nasal cannula |
| Which oxygen mask is utilized for short term, low-flow oxygen? (p. 54, Lange Prep) | Simple face mask |
| Define extravasation (p. 56, Lange Prep) | Contrast medium or medicine that has leaked from a ruptured vein or inadvertently introduced into the surrounding tissues |
| Define infiltration. (p. 56, Lange Prep) | Diffusion of injected material further into tissue |
| Which vein is the most commonly used for venipuncture? (p. 56, Lange Prep) | Antecubital |
| What is the degree of angulation of a needle inserted into a vein? (p. 56, Lange Prep) | 15 degrees |
| What are three types of gastrointestinal tubes? (p.56, Lange Prep) | Nasogastric (NG), nasointestinal (NI), nasoenteric (NE) |
| What is an example of single lumen NE tube? (p. 57, Lange Prep) | Cantor and Harris |
| What is an example of a double lumen NE tube? (p.57, Lange Prep) | Miller-Abbott |
| What are some examples of central venous catheters? (p. 57, Lange Prep) | Port-A-Cath, the Hickman, The RAaf, and the PICC |
| Abnormal, acquired immune response to a substance that would not normally trigger a reaction. (p. 58, Lange Prep) | Allergy |
| What are the parenteral routes of administration? (p. 61, Lange Prep) | Topical, subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular, intravenous, intrathecal |
| What are types of radiopaque contrast media? (p.61, Lange Prep) | Barium sulfate and iodinated |
| What are types of radiolucent contrast media? (p. 61, Lange Prep) | Air and other gases |
| What is the patient preparation for a UGI? (p.62, Lange Prep) | NPO after midnight |
| What is the patient preparation for a BE? (p.62, Lange Prep) | Cathartics, cleansing enemas |
| What is the patient preparation for IVU? (p. 62, Lange Prep) | NPO after midnight, cleansing enemas, empty bladder before scout film |
| What is anaphylaxis? (p. 64, Lange Prep) | Life-threatening allergic reaction |
| How would an unsplinted fracture be moved? (p. 66, Lange Prep) | Areas proximal and distal to fracture site are supported |
| What position should a patient be seated in for an epistaxis? (p.67, Lange Prep) | Fowler position |
| What position should a patient be seated in for syncope? (p. 67, Lange Prep) | Trendelenburg position |
| What symptoms can trigger shock? (p. 68, Lange Prep) | Allergic reaction, trauma, hemorrhage, myocardial infarction, and infection |
| What is a stroke? (p. 69, Lange Prep) | Cerebrovascular accident, inference with blood supply to the brain as a result of an occlusion |
| What is a transient ischemic attack? (p. 69, Lange Prep) | Partial vessel occlusion that may cause temporary blindness in one eye, dysphasia or aphasia, hemiparesis or hemiplegia or anesthesia |
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