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Pos. I: Mod 7-14
Study notes for modules 7-14 from Pos. I (Exam #2)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What 2 projections will you perform for a non-trauma humerus? | AP & Lateral |
| What 2 structures are primarily demonstrated in the non-trauma AP of humerus? | Humeral head & greater tubercle |
| What structure is primarily demonstrated in the non-trauma lateral of humerus? | Lesser tubercle |
| Is the medial epicondyle above the the radius or ulna while in the AP projection? | Ulna.The lateral epicondyle is above the radius while in the AP projection. |
| While perfomring either the AP or lateral of humerus, where should the CR be positioned? | Perpendicular to the midpoint of humerus. |
| While performing either the AP or lateral of humerus, what is the respiration factor?Inspiration, exhalation or suspended? | Suspended |
| Is the liver primarily on the left or right side of body? | Right side - there are 2 lobes: left and right, however, the right is larger and takes up the entire top right side just below diaphragm. |
| What side is the stomach on? | Left side |
| What side of body are these organs? Left, right or middle?Spleen?Pancreas?Ascending Colon?Descending Colon?Transverse Colon?Appendix? | Spleen - left (next to stomach).Pancreas - middle - between stomach and transverse colon.Ascending colon- right side.Descending colon - left side.Transverse colon - left-middle-rightAppendix - right side under ascending colon. |
| What is the most common x-ray procedure? | Chest |
| What is the 2nd most common x-ray procedure? | Abdomen |
| In which abdomen projection will you see air/fluid lines that are straight and evened-out? | AP Upright. Supine will show air and fluid pockets that are more rounded in shape. |
| Where will the CR be positioned for the abdomen AP Supine? | Perpendicular to the median sagittal plane at the level of the illium crest. |
| What two projections will you perform for abdomen obstruction? | AP upright & AP supine. |
| What 3 projections will you perform for abdomen free-air series? | PA Chest, PA or AP Upright Abdomen and Left Lateral Decubitus. |
| What color is air on a radiographic film of abdomen? | Black |
| What color is fluid on a radiographic film of abdomen? | White-ish or lighter than air |
| Where will the CR be positioned for the abdomen AP upright? | Perpendicular to the median sagittal plane at the level 2 inches above the ilium crest to include the diaphragm. |
| Why is the left side down for a left-lateral decubitus? | Because the stomach needs to be out of the way. |
| What structures are demonstrated during the AP projection of shoulder WITH EXTERNAL ROTATION OF HUMERUS? | Humeral head and greater tubercle in profile. |
| What structures are demonstrated during the AP projection of shoulder WITH INTERNAL ROTATION OF HUMERUS? | True lateral projection of humerus; lesser tubercle in profile. |
| Dislocation is easily identified with this shoulder projection. | PA Oblique Scapular "Y" |
| Where should the CR be positioned for the AP projection w/external rotation and w/internal rotation of humerus (FOR SHOULDER)? | Perpendicular to a point 1" inferior to coracoid process. |
| What structures are demonstrated during the Grashey method of shoulder? | Joint space between humeral head and glenoid cavity (scapulohumeral joint). |
| Where should CR be positioned for Grashey method? | Perpendicular to glenoid cavity, 2" medial and 2" inferior to superolateral border of shoulder. |
| What kind of bone is the scapula | Flat bone |
| The clavicle is one of two bones which form the true shoulder girdle. It has two extremities. What are they? | Acromial extremity (on lateral aspect) and sternal extremity (on medial aspect). |
| Why is the clavicle doubly curved? | Fro strength |
| What are the two projections for the clavicle? | AP and AP Axial. |
| Where should the CR be positioned for CLAVICLE AP and Axial projections (different)? | AP: Perpendicular to midshaft of clavicle.AP Axial: CEPHALIC angle of 15 - 30 degrees toward midshaft of clavicle. |
| Of the two clavicle projections, which will demonstrate 1/2 clavicle above scapula and 1/2 clavicle over ribcage? | AP |
| What structures are demonstrated during the AP axial projection? | Axial image of clavicle PROJECTED ABOVE RIBS. |
| What kind of bone is the scapula? | Flat bone. |
| The scapula has 2 surfaces, 3 borders and 3 angles. Name the borders and angles. | Borders: superior, medial and lateral.Angles: Superior, inferior and lateral. |
| What are the two projectons for the scapula (either supine or upright)? | AP and Lateral "Y". |
| What does the AP projection of scapula demonstrate? | AP of scapula with lateral portion free of superimposition with ribs. |
| What does the lateral projection of scapula demonstrate? | TRUE LATERAL IMAGE OF SCAPULA with lateral and medial borders superimposed. |
| Where should the CR be positioned for the AP of scapula? | Midscapular area, perpendicular to 2" inferior to coracoid process. |
| Where should the CR be positioned for the AP lateral "Y" of scapula? | Perpendicular to mid-medial border of scapula. |
| For this projection of the scapula, you will ask the patient to lift is arm and make a "muscle-like" action. | The AP projection. |
| For the scapula:a) What structures are most superior?b) What structure is most posterior?c) What structure is most anterior?d) What structure is most inferior?e) What structure is most medial? | a) Most superior: superior angle and acromion.b) Most posterior: spine.c) Most anterior: coracoid process.d) Most inferior: inferior angle.e) Most medial: medial border. |
| For the scapula, the technical change in mAs from AP to lateral "Y" is... | 3x |
| Why do you ask a patient to abduct arm during an AP projection of scapula? | To pull scapula away laterally. |
| How do you know that you have a good lateral of the scapula ("Y")? | The lateral and medial borders are superimposed over each other and there isn't any superimposition of ribs. |
| Name the 4 types of body habituses. | Sthenic, Hypersthenic, Hypostenic and Asthenic. |
| The thoracic cavity extends from: | the superior thoracic aperture (where structures enter the thorax) to the inferior thoracic aperture. |
| The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the _________ cavity. | abdominal |
| The thoracic cavity contains mainly the lungs, heart and organs of the respiratory, cardiovascular and lymphatic systems.True or False | True |
| Which lung as three lobes?Which as two lobes? | The right has 3 lobes (superior, middle and inferior).The left as two lobes (superior and inferior). |
| The mediastinum is the area of the ABDOMEN bounded by the sternum anteriorly, the spine posteriorly and the lungs laterally.TRUE OR FALSE? | FALSE! The mediastinum is the area of the THORAX... |
| What is the SID for a PA CHEST? | 72" |
| Where should the CR be positioned for a PA CHEST? | Perpendicular to center of IR at level of T-7. |
| Where should the CR be positioned for the Lordotic CHEST? | Perpendicular to center of IR at level of midsterum. |
| What structures are primarily identifiable during the AP Axial Lordotic CHEST projection? | Tops of lung apices free of superimposition with clavicles. |
| Name the 4 divisions of the abdomen. | Right Upper QuadrantLeft Upper QuadrantRight Lower QuadrantLeft Lower Quadrant |
| Name the 9 regions (outlined by Addison's Planes). | Right Hypochondrium, Epigastrium, Left Hypochondrium___________________________________________Right Lateral, Umbilical, Left Lateral_________________________________________Right Inguinal, Hypogastrium, Left Inguinal |
| Why is a LEFT lateral decubitus performed instead of a RIGHT lateral decubitus? | Because in the LEFT lateral decubitus position, the stomach is out of the way. |
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raymondafradella
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