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Eye & Ear
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| sclera | outer protective layer of the eye |
| white of the eye | outer portion seen on the anterior of the eyeball |
| cornea | transparent anterior part of the sclera, which is anterior to the aqueous humor and lies over the iris. It allows the light rays to enter the eye |
| choroid | middle layer of the eye, interlaced w many blood vessels that supply nutrients to the eye |
| iris | pigmented muscular structure that regulates the amount of light entering the eye by controlling the size of the pupil |
| pupil | opening in the center of the iris |
| lens | lies directly behind the pupil; function is to focus and bend light |
| retina | innermost layer of the eye, which contains the vision receptors |
| aqueous humor | watery liquid found in the anterior cavity of the eye. provides nourishment to nearby structures and maintains shape in the anterior part of the eye |
| vitreous humor | jellylike substance found behind the lens in the posterior cavity of the eye that maintains its shape |
| meibomian glands | oil glands found in the upper and lower edges of the eyelids that help lubricate the eye |
| lacrimal glands and ducts | produce and drain tears |
| optic nerve | carries visual impulses from the retina to the brain |
| conjuctiva | mucous membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior portion of the sclera |
| blephar/o | eyelid |
| conjunctiv/o | conjunctiva |
| cor/o, core/o, pupill/o | pupil |
| corne/o, kerat/o | cornea |
| dacry/o, lacrim/o | tear, tear duct |
| ir/o, irid/o | iris |
| ocul/o, ophthalm/o | eye |
| opt/o | vision |
| phac/o, phak/o | lens |
| retin/o | retina |
| scler/o | sclero |
| cry/o | cold |
| dipl/o | two, double |
| is/o | equal |
| phot/o | light |
| ton/o | tension, pressure |
| bi-, bin- | two |
| -opia | vision (condition) |
| -phobia | abnormal fear of or aversion to specific thing |
| -plegia | paralysis |
| aphakia | condition of without a lens |
| blepharitis | inflammation of the eyelid |
| blepharoptosis | drooping of the eyelid |
| conjunctivitis | inflammation of the conjunctiva (aka pinkeye) |
| dacryocystitis | inflammation of the tear sac |
| diplopia | double vision |
| endophthalmitis | inflammation within the eye |
| iridoplegia | paralysis of the eye |
| iritis | inflammation of the iris |
| keratitis | inflammation of the cornea |
| keratomalacia | softening of the cornea (usually associated w vitamin a deficiency) |
| leukocoria | condition of white pupil |
| oculomycosis | abnormal condition of the eye caused by a fungus |
| ophthalmalgia | pain in the eye |
| ophthalmoplegia | paralysis of the eye (muscle) |
| phacomalacia | softening of the lens |
| photophobia | abnormal fear of light |
| retinoplastoma | tumor arising from a developing retinal cell (congenital, malignant tumor) |
| retinopathy | (any noninflammatory) disease of the the retina) |
| sclerokeratitis | inflammation of the sclera and the cornea |
| scleromalacia | softening of the sclera |
| xerophthalmia | condition of dry eye |
| amblyopia | reduced vision in one eye caused by disuse or misuse associated with strabismus, unequal refractive errors, or otherwise impaired vision |
| astigmatism (Ast) | blurred vision caused by irregular curvature of the cornea or lens |
| cataract | clouding of the lens of the eye |
| chalazion | obstruction of an oil gland of the eyelid (aka meibomian cyst) |
| detached retina | separation of the retina from the choroid in back of the eye |
| glaucoma | eye disorder characterized by increase of intraocular pressure (IOP). may progress to optic nerve damage and visual impairment or loss |
| hyperopia | farsightedness |
| macular degeneration | progressive deterioration of the portion of the retina called the macula lutea, resulting in loss of central vision |
| myopia | nearsightedness |
| nyctalopia | poor vision at night or in faint light (aka night blindness) |
| nystagmus | involuntary, jerking movements of the eye |
| pinguecula | yellowish mass of conjunctiva that may be related to exposure to UV light, dry climates, and dust. if spreads onto cornea it is called pterygium |
| presbyopia | impaired vision as a result of aging. |
| pterygium | thin tissue growing into the cornea from the conjunctiva, usually caused from sun exposure |
| retinitis pigmentosa | hereditary, progressive disease marked by night blindness with atrophy and retinal pigment changes |
| strabismus | condition in which the eyes look in different directions, caused by dysfunction of the external eye muscles (cross-eyed) |
| sty | infection of an oil gland of the eyelid (aka stye, hordeolum) |
| blepharoplasty | surgical repair of the eyelid |
| cryoretinopexy | surgical fixation of the retina using extreme cold |
| dacryocystorhinostomy | creation of an artificial opening between the tear (lacrimal) sac and the nose |
| dacryocystotomy | incision of the tear sac |
| iridectomy | excision (of part) of the iris |
| iridotomy | incision of the iris |
| keratoplasty | surgical repair of the cornea |
| sclerotomy | incision of the sclera |
| enucleation | surgical removal of the eyeball |
| LASIK (laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis) | laser procedure that reshapes the corneal tissue beneath the surface of the cornea to correct astigmatism, hyperopia, and myopia |
| phacoemulsification (PHACO) | method to remove cataracts in which an ultrasonic needle probe breaks up the lens, which is then aspirated |
| PRK (photorefractive keratectomy) | procedure to treat nearsightedness in which an Excimer laser is used to reshape (flatten) the corneal surface by removing a portion of the cornea |
| retinal photocoagulation | intense beam of light from a laser condenses retinal tissue to seal leaking blood vessels, to destroy abnormal tissue or lesions, or to bond the retina to the back of the eye |
| scleral buckling | procedure to repair a detached retina. a strip of sclera is resected, or a fold is made in the sclera. exoplant is used to hold and buckle the sclera |
| trabeculectomy | surgical creation of an opening that allows aqueous humor to drain out of the eye to underneath the conjunctiva where it is absorbed. used to treat glaucoma by reducing intraocular pressure |
| vitrectomy | surgical removal of all or part of the vitreous humor (used to treat diabetic retinopathy) |
| flourescein angiography | radiographic imaging of blood vessels(of the eye with fourescing dye) |
| keratometer | instrument used to measure the cornea (used for fitting contact lenses) |
| ophthalmoscope | instrument used for visual exam of the interior of the eye |
| ophthalmoscopy | visual exam of the eye |
| optometry | measurement of vision |
| pupillometer | instrument used to measure the diameter of the pupil |
| pupilloscope | instrument used for the visual exam of the pupil |
| retinoscopy | visual exam of the retina |
| tonometer | instrument used to measure pressure (within the eye, used to diagnose glaucoma) |
| tonometry | measurement of pressure (within the eye) |
| anisocoria | condition of absence of equal pupil size |
| binocular | pertaining to two or both eyes |
| corneal | pertaining to the cornea |
| intraocular | pertaining to within the eye |
| isocoria | condition of equal pupil size |
| lacrimal | pertaining to tears |
| nasolacrimal | pertaining to the nose and tear ducts |
| ophthalmic | pertaining to the eye |
| ophthalmologist | physician who studies and treats diseases of the eye |
| ophthalmology (Ophth) | study of the eye |
| ophthalmopathy | (any) disease of the eye |
| optic | pertaining to vision |
| pseudophakia | condition of false lens (placement of intraocular lens during surgery to treat cataracts) |
| pupillary | pertaining to the pupil |
| retinal | pertaining to the retina |
| emmetropia (Em) | normal refractive condition of the eye |
| intraocular lens | artificial lens implanted within the eye during cataract surgery |
| miotic | agent that constricts the pupil |
| mydriatic | agent that dilates the pupil |
| optician | specialist who fills prescriptions for lenses (but cannot prescribe) |
| optometrist | health professional who prescribes corrective lenses and/or eye exercises |
| visual acuity (VA) | sharpness of vision for either distance or near |
| external ear auricle (pinna) | external structure located on both sides of the head. the auricle directs sound waves into the external auditory canal |
| external auditory canal (meatus) | short tube that ends at the tympanic membrane. inner part lies within the temporal bone of the skull and contains the glands that secrete earwax (cerumen) |
| middle ear tympanic membrane (eardrum) | semitransparent membrane that separates the external auditory canal and the middle ear cavity. tympanic membrane transmits sound vibrations to the ossicles. |
| eustachian tube | connects the middle ear and the pharynx. equalizes air pressure on both sides of the eardrum |
| ossicles | bones of the middle ear that carry sound vibrations. ossicles are composed of the malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup). the stapes connects to the oval window, which transmits the sound vibrations to the cochlea of the inner ear |
| labyrinth (inner ear) | bony space within the temporal bone of the skull. contains the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibule. |
| cochlea | snail-shaped and contains the organ of hearing. cochlea connects to the oval window in the middle ear |
| semicircular canals and vestibule | contains receptors and endolymph that help the body maintain its sense of balance |
| mastoid bone and cells | located in the skull bone behind the external auditory canal |
| audi/o | hearing |
| aur/o, aur/i, ot/o | ear |
| cochle/o | cochlea |
| labyrinth/o | labyrinth (inner ear) |
| mastoid/o | mastoid bone |
| myring/o | tympanic membrane (eardrum) |
| staped/o | stapes (middle ear bone) |
| tympan/o | tympanic membrane (eardrum), middle ear |
| vestibul/o | vestibule |
| labyrinthitis | inflammation of the labyrinth (inner ear) (aka vestibular neuritis) |
| mastoiditis | inflammation of the mastoid bone |
| myringitis | inflammation of the tympanic membrane (eardrum) |
| otagia | pain in the ear |
| otomastoiditis | inflammation of the ear and mastoid bone |
| otomycosis | abnormal condition of fungus in the ear |
| otopyorrhea | discharge of pus from the ear |
| otorrhea | discharge from the ear (may be serous, bloody, consisting of pus, or containing cerebrospinal fluid) |
| otosclerosis | hardening of the ear (stapes) (caused by irregular bone development and resulting in hearing loss) |
| acoustic neuroma | benign tumor within the internal auditory canal growing from the acoustic nerve |
| ceruminoma | tumor of a gland that secretes earwax (cerumen) |
| cholesteatoma | cystlike mass composed of epithelial cells and cholesterol occurring in the middle ear, associated w chronic otitis media |
| Meniere disease | chronic disease of the inner ear characterized by a sensation of spinning motion (vertigo), ringing in the ear (tinnitus), aural fullness, and fluctuating hearing loss, related to a change in volume or composition of fluid within the labyrinth |
| otitis externa | inflammation of the outer ear |
| otitis media | inflammation of the middle ear (aka tympanitis) |
| presbycusis | hearing impairment occurring with age |
| tinnitus | ringing in the ears |
| vertigo | sense that either one's own body (subjective vertigo) or the environment (objective vertigo) is revolving. may indicate inner ear disease |
| cochlear implants | surgically inserted electronic device that converts sound into electrical impulses, the impulses stimulate the auditory nerve to carry the signal to the brain which learns to interpret the signal as sound. damaged part of the ear is bypassed |
| labyrinthectomy | excision of the labyrinth |
| mastoidectomy | excision of the mastoid bone |
| mastoidotomy | incision into the mastoid bone |
| myringoplasty | surgical repair of the tympanic membrane |
| myrinotomy | incision into the tympanic membrane (performed to release pus or fluid and relieve pressure in the middle ear) (aka tympanocentesis) |
| stapedectomy | excision of the stapes (performed to restore hearing in cases of otosclerosis, replaced by prosthesis) |
| tympanoplasty | surgical repair of the middle ear including the tympanic membrane and the ossicles) |
| audiogram | (graphic) recording of hearing |
| audiometer | instrument used to measure hearing |
| audiometry | measurement of hearing |
| electrocochleography | process of recording the electrical activity in the cochlea |
| otoscope | instrument used in the visual exam of the ear |
| otoscopy | visual exam of the ear |
| tympanometer | instrument used to measure the middle ear (function) |
| tympanometry | measurement (of movement) of the tympanic membrane |
| audiologist | one who studies and specializes in hearing |
| audiology | the study of hearing |
| aural | pertaining to the ear |
| cochlear | pertaining to the cochlea |
| otologist | physician who studies and treats diseases of the ear |
| otology | study of the ear |
| otorhinolaryngologist | physician who studies and treats diseases of the ear, nose, and throat (aka otolaryngologist) |
| vestibulocochlear | pertaining to the vestibule and cochlea |
| vestibular | pertaining to the vestibule |
Created by:
nallain
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