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Principal Hormones
MCAT Principal Hormones in Humans
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Growth Hormone | Anterior Pituitary Stimulates bone and muscle growth |
Prolactin | Anterior Pituitary Stimulates milk production and secretion |
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) | Anterior Pituitary Stimulates the adrenal cortex to synthesize and secrete glucocorticoids |
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) | Anterior Pituitary Stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroid hormones |
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) | Anterior Pituitary Stimulates ovulation in females; testosterone synthesis in males |
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) | Anterior Pituitary Stimulates follicle maturation in females; spermatogenesis in males |
Oxytocin | Hypothalamus; stored in posterior pituitary Stimulates uterine contractions during labor and milk secretion during lactation |
ADH (Vasopressin) | Hypothalamus; stored in posterior pituitary Stimulates water reabsorption in kidneys |
Thyroid Hormone | Thyroid Stimulates metabolic activity |
Calcitonin | Thyroid Decreases the blood calcium level |
Parathyroid Hormone | Parathyroid Increases the blood calcium level |
Glucocorticoids | Adrenal Cortex Increase blood glucose level and decrease protein synthesis |
Mineralocorticoids | Adrenal Cortex Increase water reabsorption in the kidneys |
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine | Adrenal Medulla Increase blood glucose level and heart rate |
Glucagon | Pancreas Stimulates conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver; increases blood glucose |
Insulin | Pancreas Lowers blood glucose and increases storage of glycogen |
Somatostatin | Pancreas Suppresses secretion of glucagon and insulin |
Testosterone | Testis Maintains male secondary sexual characteristics |
Estrogen | Ovary/Placenta Maintains female secondary sexual characteristics |
Progesterone | Ovary/Placenta Promotes growth/maintenance of endometrium |
Melatonin | Pineal Unclear in humans |
Erythropoietin | Kidney Stimulates bone marrow to increase production of erythrocytes |
Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANH) | Heart Involved in osmoregulation |
Thymosin | Thymus Stimulates T-lymphocyte development |