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Cadiovascular
Cardiovascular, Immune, Lymphatic Systems and Blood
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ischemia | condition of deficient blood flow due to constriction or obstruction of a blood vessel. |
| mitral valve stenosis | narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring, usually caused by episodes of rheumatic fever |
| myocardial infarction (MI) | death (necrosis) of a portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply (AKA heart attack) |
| peripheral arterial disease (PAD) | disease of the arteries in the arms and legs, resulting in narrowing or complete obstruction of the arter |
| rheumatic heart disease | damage to the heart muscle or heart valves caused by one or more episodes of rheumatic fever |
| varicose veins | distended or tortuous veins usually found the the lower extremities |
| anemia | condition in which there is a reduction in the number of erythrocytes |
| embolus (pl. emboli) | blood clot or foreign material, such as air or fat, that enters the bloodstream and moves until it lodges at another point in the circulation |
| hemophilia | inherited bleeding disease most commonly caused by a deficiency of the coagulation factor VIII |
| leukemia | malignant disease characterized by excessive increase in abnormal leukocytes formed in the bone marrow |
| sepsis | condition in which pathogenic microorganisms enter the bloodstream, causing a systemic inflammatory response to the infection |
| Hodgkin disease | malignant disorder of the lymphatic tissue characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, usually beginning at the cervical nodes |
| infectious mononucleosis | acute infection caused y the Epstein-Barr virus characterized by swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fever, and fatigue. Affects young people, transmitted by saliva |
| angioplasty | surgical repair of a blood vessel |
| atherectomy | excision of fatty plaque |
| endarterectomy | excision within the artery (excision of fatty plaque from arterial wall) |
| pericardiocentesis | surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the sac surrounding the heart |
| phlebectomy | excision of a vein |
| phlebotomy | incision into a vein |
| valvuloplasty | surgical repair of a valve |
| splenectomy | excision of the spleen |
| splenopexy | surgical fixation of the spleen |
| thymectomy | excision of the thymus gland |
| aneurysmectomy | surgical excision of an aneurysm |
| atrial fibrillation ablasion | procedure in which abnormal cells that trigger atrial fibrillation are destroyed by using a device that heats or freezes the cells |
| cardiac pacemaker | battery-powered apparatus implanted under the skin with leads placed on the heart or in the chamber of the heart used to treat abnormal heart rhythm |
| coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) | surgical technique to bring new blood supply to heart muscle by detouring around blocked arteries |
| coronary stent | supportive scaffold device placed in the coronary artery used to prevent closure of the artery after angioplasty or atherectomy |
| embolectomy | surgical removal of an embolus, or clot, usually with a balloon catheter pushing the balloon beyond the clot, inflating, then pulling it and the clot out of the incision |
| femoropopliteal bypass | surgery to establish an alternate route from femoral artery to popliteal artery to bypass an obstruction |
| implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) | device implanted in the body that continuously monitors the heart rhythm if arrhythmia occurs the device delivers a shock to bring it back to normal |
| intracoronary thrombolytic therapy | injection of a medication either intravenously or intraarterially to dissolve blood clots in the coronary arteries before they harden |
| percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) | procedure in which a balloon is passed through a blood vessel into a coronary artery to the area where plaque is formed inflation of the balloon compresses the plaque against the wall, allowing blood to move by freely |
| bone marrow aspiration | procedure to aspirate a sample of the liquid portion of the bone marrow |
| bone marrow biopsy | procedure to obtain a sample of bone marrow |
| bone marrow transplant | infusion of healthy bone marrow cells to a recipient with matching cells from a donor |
| angiography | radiographic imaging of blood vessels |
| angioscope | instrument used for visual exam of blood vessel |
| angioscopy | visual exam of the blood vessel |
| aortogram | radiographic image of the aorta (after contrast media is injected) |
| arteriogram | radiographic image of an artery (after contrast media is injected) |
| echocardiogram(ECHO) | record of the heart using sound |
| electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG) | record of the electrical activity of the heart |
| electrocardiograph | instrument used to record the electrical activity of the heart |
| electrocardiography | process of recording the electrical activity of the heart |
| venogram | radiographic image of a vein (after contrast media is injected) |
| digital subtraction angiography (DSA) | process of digital radiographic imaging of the blood vessels that "subtracts" or removes structures not being studied |
| Doppler ultrasound | study that uses high-frequency sound waves for detection of blood flow within the vessels |
| exercise stress test | study that evaluates cardiac function during physical stress by riding a bike or walking on a treadmill |
| single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) | nuclear medicine scan that visualizes the heart from several different angles used to assess damage to cardiac tissue |
| thallium test | nuclear medicine test used to diagnose coronary artery disease and assess revascularization after coronary artery bypass surgery |
| transesophageal echocardiogram | ultrasound test that examines cardiac function and structure by using an ultrasound probe placed in the esophagus |
| cardiac catheterization | diagnostic procedure performed by passing a catheter into the heart through a blood vessel to examine the condition of the heart and surrounding blood vessels |
| impedance plethysmography(IPG) | measures venous flow of the extremities with a plethysmograph to detect clots by measuring changes in blood volume and resistance in the vein used to diagnose deep vein thrombosis |
| blood pressure (BP) | pressure exerted by the blood against the blood pressure walls |
| pulse | rhythmic expansion of an artery, created by the contraction of the heart, that can be felt with a fingertip |
| sphygmomanometer | device used for measuring blood pressure |
| C-reactive protein (CRP) | blood test to measure the amount of C-reactive protein in the blood |
| creatine phosphokinase | blood test used to measure the amount of creative phosphokinase, an enzyme of heart and skeletal muscle released into the blood after muscle injury or necrosis |
| homocysteine | blood test used to measure the amount of homocysteine in the blood |
| lipid profile | blood test used to measure the amount and type of lipids in a sample of blood |
| troponin | blood test that measures troponin, a heart muscle enzyme |
| coagulation time | blood test to determine the time it takes for blood to form a clot |
| complete blood count (CBC) and differential count (Diff) | lab test for basic blood screening that measures various aspects of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets |
| hematocrit (HCT) | blood test to measure the volume of erythrocytes |
| hemoglobin (Hgb) | blood test used to determine the concentration of oxygen-carrying components in erythrocytes |
| prothrombin time (PT) | blood test used to determine certain coagulation activity defects and to monitor anticoagulation therapy for patients taking Coumadin |
| atrioventricular | pertaining to the atrium and ventricle |
| cardiac | pertaining to the heart |
| cadiogenic | originating in the heart |
| cardiologist | physician who studies and treats diseases of the heart |
| cardiology | the study of the heart |
| hypothermia | condition of body temperature that is below normal |
| intravenous | pertaining to withing the vein |
| phlebologist | physician who studies and treats diseases of the vein |
| phlobology | the study of the vein |
| hematology | the study of blood |
| hematologist | physician who studies and treats diseases of the blood |
| hematopoiesis | formation of blood (cells) |
| hemolysis | dissolution of (red) blood (cells) |
| hemostasis | stoppage of bleeding |
| myelopoiesis | formation of bone marrow |
| plasmapharesis | removal of plasma (from withdrawn blood) |
| thrombolysis | dissolution of a clot |
| bruit | abnormal vascular heart sound heard through auscultation, caused by turbulent blood flow through arteries or veins |
| cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) | emergency procedure consisting of external cardiac compressions and artificial ventilation |
| defibrillation | application of an electric shock to the myocardium through the chest wall to restore normal cardiac rhythm |
| diastole | phase in the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles relax and fill with blood between contractions lower number of the blood pressure reading |
| extracorporeal | occurring outside the body |
| extravasation | escape of blood from the blood vessel into the tissue |
| hypercholesterolemia | excessive amount of cholesterol in the blood, heightened risk of cardiovascular disease |
| fibrillation | rapid, quivering, noncoordinated contractions of the atria or ventricles |
| hyperlipidemia | excessive amount of fats in the blood |
| hypertension | blood pressure that is above normal |
| hypertriglyceridemia | excessive amount of triglycerides in the blood |
| hypotention | blood pressure that is below normal |
| lipids | fats and fatlike substances that serve as a source of fuel in the body are an important constituent of cell structure |
| lumen | space within a tubular part or organ, such as the space withing a blood vessel |
| murmur | abnormal cardiac sound heard through auscultation, caused by turbulent blood flow through the heart |
| occlude | to close tightly, to block |
| systole | phase in the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles contract and eject blood upper number of a blood pressure reading |
| vasoconstrictor | agent or nerve that narrows the blood vessel |
| vasodilator | agent or nerve that enlarges the blood vessel |
| venipuncture | procedure used to puncture a vein with a needle to remove blood, instill a medication, or start an intravenous infusion |
| anticoagulant | agent that slows the blood clotting process |
| blood dyscrasia | abnormal or pathogenic condition of the blood |
| hemorrhage | rapid loss of blood, as in bleeding |
| allergen | environmental substance capable of producing an immediate hypersensitivity in the body |
| allergist | physician who studies and treats allergic conditions |
| allergy | hypersensitivity to a substance, resulting in an inflammatory immune response |
| anaphylaxis | exaggerated, life-threatening reaction to a previously encountered antigen such as been venom, peanuts, or latex. symptoms range from hives and sneezing to drop in BP and blockage of the airway |
| antibody | substance produced by lymphocytes that inactivates or destroys antigens |
| antigen | substance that triggers an immune response when introduced into the body |
| autoimmune disease | disease caused by the body's inability to distinguish its own cells from foreign bodies, thus producing antibodies that attack its own tissue |
| immune | being resistant to specific invading pathogens |
| immunodeficiency | deficient immune response caused by the immune system dysfunction brought on by disease or immunosuppresive drugs |
| immunologist | physician who studies and treats immune system disorders |
| immonology | the branch of medicine dealing with immune system disorders |
| phagocytosis | process in which some of the white blood cells destroy the invading microorganism and old cells |
| vaccine | suspension of inactivated microorganisms administered by injection, mouth, or nasal spray to prevent infectious diseases by inducing immunity |
Created by:
nallain
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