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Digestive System
Abdomen and Biliary Tract
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The largest gland in the body, is an irregularly wedge-shaped gland. It is situated with its base on the right and its apex directed anteriorly and to the left. | Liver |
| At the _______ _______, the liver is divided into a large right lobe and a much smaller left lobe. | falciform ligament |
| Two minor lobes are located on the medial side of the right lobe: the ______ lobe on the posterior surface. | caudate lobe |
| The ________ lobe on the inferior lobe. | quadrate lobe |
| The hilum of the liver, called the _______ _______, is situated transversely between the two minor lobes. | porta hepatis |
| The _____ ____ and the hepatic artery, both of which convey blood to the liver, enter the porta hepatis and branch out through the liver substance. | portal vein |
| The portal vein and the ______ _________, both of which convey blood to the liver, enter | hepatic artery |
| The ______ ____ convey the blood from the liver sinusoids to the inferior vena cava. | hepatic veins |
| The liver has numerous physiologic functions. he primary consideration from the radiographic standpoint is the formation of ____. | bile |
| The gland secretes bile at the rate of ___ to ___ pints (1/2 to 1 1/2 L) each day. | one to three |
| The two main _______ _____ emerge at the porta hepatis and join to form the common hepatic duct, which in turn unites with the cystic duct to form the common bile duct. | hepatic ducts |
| The common bile duct joins the pancreatic duct, and they enter together or side by side into an enlarged chamber known as the ________ ______, or ampulla of Vater. | hepatopancreatic ampulla |
| The distal end of the common bile duct is controlled by the ______ _____ as it enters the duodenum. | choledochal sphincter |
| The hepatopancreatic ampulla is controlled by a circular muscle known as the sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla, or _________ __ ______. | sphincter of Oddi |
| The hepatopancreatic ampulla opens on an elevation on the duodenal mucosa known as the what? | major duodenal papilla |
| The _____ is a thin-walled, more or less pear-shaped, musculomembranous sac with a capacity of approximately 2 oz. | gallbladder |
| The muscular contraction of the gallbladder is activated by a hormone called _________. | cholecystokinin |
| The organ consists of a narrow neck that is continuous with the _______ _____; a body or main portion; and a fundus, which is its broad lower portions. | cystic duct |
| The _______ is an elongated gland situated across the posterior abdominal wall. | pancreas |
| This exocrine portion of the gland produces ______ ____, which acts on proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. | pancreatic juice |
| The endocrine portion of the gland consists of clusters of islet cells, or ______ __ _________, which are randomly distributed throughout the pancreas. | islets of Langerhans |
| These cells produce the hormones _____ and ______, which are responsible for sugar metabolism. | insulin and glucagon |
| The digestive juice secreted by the exocrine cells of the pancreas is conveyed into the _______ ____ and from there into the duodenum. | pancreatic duct |
| The _______ is included in this section only because of its location; it belongs to the lymphatic system. | spleen |
| The spleen is a glandlike but _________ organ that functions to produce lymphocytes and to store lymphocytes and to store and remove dead or dying red blood cells. | ductless |
| chole- | relationship with bile |
| cysto- | bag or sac |
| choledocho- | common bile duct |
| cholangio- | bile ducts |
| cholecyst- | gallbladder |
| Another technique employed for preoperative radiologic examination of the biliary tract. This technique is used for patients with jaundic when the ductal system has been shown to be dilated by CT or sonography but the cause of the obstruction is unclear. | Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography (PTC) |
| Applied to the biliary tract examination that is performed by way of the T-shaped tube left in the common hepatic and common bile ducts for postoperative drainage. | Postoperative (T-Tube) Cholangiography |
| A procedure used to diagnose biliary and pancreatic pathologic conditions. ERCP is a useful diagnostic method when the biliary ducts are not dilated when no obstruction exits at the ampulla. | Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) |
Created by:
J. Renee
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