Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Radiation Physics 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Natural science | is broken up into 2 parts which are physical and biological sciences. |
| physics | the relationship between energy and matter. |
| astronomy | the study of stars |
| geology | earth and rocks |
| chemistry | the study of the reaction of chemicals. |
| zoology | study of animals |
| botany | study of plants |
| virology | viruses |
| anatomy | study of structure |
| the standard unit of measurements are? | length, mass, and time |
| length | foot (conventional) 100 yds = 300 ft centimeter (CGS) meter (MKS) /metric |
| mass = weight | pound (conv) gram (CGS) KILOGRAM (MKS) 1 kg = 2.2 lbs |
| time = duration | seconds or fraction of seconds |
| derived units of measurement | energy, power, work, force, momentum,velocity and acceleration vs. deceleration |
| energy is ? | the ability to do work (force applied over distance) is measured in joule PE vs KE |
| power is ? | rate of doing work measured in watts or kilowatts amperage x voltage = power |
| what is the path of electrons called? | a circuit |
| what is current ? | the flow of electrons which are measured by amperage |
| what is force ? | push or pull |
| what is potential difference ? | excess of electrons at the end of one end (-) and a defficency at the other end (+) |
| work | joule |
| force | newton |
| velocity | speed |
| momentum | product of mass of an object x velocity (speed) |
| gamma rays come from ? | within the nucleus |
| R Roentgen | is used for skin entrance exposure |
| air kerma | Gray- Gy |
| coulomb | unit of electrical quantity |
| absorbed dose | dose received by pt. any type of radiation any type of matter Rad Gray 1 Gy = 100 Rad |
| linear line transfer has to do with what ? | radiation report (REM) measure of the rate at which energy is transferred from ionizing radiation to soft tissue. used to determine radiation weighting or quality factor |
| dose equivalent | personnel dose measurement of quantity and quality for radiation exposure standard = Rem international = sV (sievert) 1s sV = 100 rem RAD (Gy)(absorbed dose /quanitity) x weighting factor = REM (sV) |
| radioactivity | rate of decay (breakdown) of radioactive material |
| Curie | Radium = Ci |
| becuerel | uranium = Bq, international |
| half- life | is broken down into physical and biological |
| half life physical | the amount of time required for radioactive material to decay down to half its original strength |
| hal life biological | once its in jested the amount of time it takes to excrete |
| matter is ? | anything that occupies space and has mass = solid/ liquid/ gas |
| what are some forms of energy? | potential and kinetic, chemical, mechanical, electrical, and thermal |
| potential vs. kinetic energy | potential is energy at rest and kinetic is energy in motion. |
| chemical energy | released by chemical reaction |
| mechanical energy | potential and kinetic |
| electrical energy | movement of current ( flow of e- in a closed circuit) |
| thermal energy | heat which is produced at target random motion of molecules, transferred- conduction, touching, convection (mechanical transfer from hot gas or liquid to another place) and radiation. |
| can mechanical energy be converted into electrical energy T or F ? | true |
| unit of measurement for heat (or thermal energy) | F/C/kelvin |
| nuclear (NM) gamma rays/ natural | is contained in the nucleus |
| Xray electromagnetic/ man made | is contained outside the nucleus |
| the electromagnetic spectrum is measured how? | in wavelength and frequency |
| ionize or ionization means? | gains or loses an electron |
| brems xrays | below 70 kvp, happens within the tube where electrons dont have enough energy therefor losing energy |
| characteristic xrays | above 70 kvp, has enough energy therefor electron cascading happens |
| what is newton's law of motion? | inertia and force |
| what is inertia? | property of matter that acts to resist a change in its state of motion |
| what is force? | mass x acceleration |
| T of F for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction | true |
| what is the law of conservation of energy and matter ? | that energy can neither be created or destroyed but changed from one form to another |
| energy can be converted into matter T or F ? | true |
| analysis | looking at all the parts |
| synthesis | putting things back together |
| scientific method | paln, perform, research |
| hypothesis/ theory | guess/idea |
| law | once proven a thoery/ hypothesis becomes law |
| atoms start at what level ? | the atomic level |
| what level does excitation take place ? | happens at the atomic level |
| what are atoms? | smallest particles that have all the properties of an element |
| what is an element? | a substance that can not be broken down any farther without changing its chemical properties |
| what are soe types of atomic structures? | greek, dalton, thomson, and bohr |
| what is a group or family on the periodic table ? | a verticle column in the periodic. elements have similiar properties in a group |
| what are periods on the periodic table ? | are the horizontal rows of elements. the period # signifies the highest unexcited energy level for that electron(in the outermost shell |
| proton | + charged particle |
| nuetron | no charge |
| elctron | - charged particle, orbits outside the nuclues on shells |
| shell or orbit formula | 2N squared, w/ N = shell number |
| mass# | # of protons and nuetrons in nucleus |
| atomic # | # of protons |
| ionization | the gain or lose of an electron |
| what are causes of ionization ? | exposure of matter to x or gamma exp matter to stream of e- spontaneous breakdown of radioactive nuclides |
| what are the radioactive nuclides ? | actinium, thorium, uranium |
| physical vs. biological half life | biological- inside the body physical- outside the body, loses strength |
| exposure of certain elements to light cuase ionization | silver hylide crystals |
| isotope | two atoms that hava the same # of protons but different number of neutrons |
| what are the two types of ionizing radiation ? | electromagnetic and particles |
| electromagnetic radiation | X ray and gamma photons |
| particulate radiation | alpha, beta, and neutrons |
| what are two non- ionizing forms of radiation ? | microwaves and R/F (MRI) waves |
| octet rule | group of 8 e- in outmost shell can not chemically bind |
| valence | determines chemical binding ability of atom |
| what is a covalent bond ? | sharing of e-(s) |
| what is an ionic bond ? | attraction |
| what is a molecule ? | is an electrically neutral group of atleast two atoms in an definite arrangement held together by very strong (covalent) chemical bond |
| a molecule is also what ? | the smallest particle of a substance that retains the chemical and physical properties of the substance and is composed of two or more |
| what is a compound ? | a pure chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical elements that can be seperated into simpler substances by chemical reactions |
| what is a substance ? | a biological entity |
Created by:
eckoultd1972
Popular Radiology sets