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xray

H G Random Xray 2

QuestionAnswer
X-Ray Tube External Components support system
parts of support system Ceiling Support, Floor to ceiling support, C-Arm support
Positive side of the x-ray tube Anode
needed for general purpose tubes to produce a high intensity beam for a short time Rotating anodes
used in dental systems and in some portable units Stationary
Two types of anodes stationary and rotating
Three purposes for the anode 1. Electrical Conductor 2. Provides mechanical support for the target 3. Acts as a good thermal regulator
receives electrons from the cathode and conducts them back through the cables to the high voltage generator Electrical Conductor
The half value layer for soft tissue 5 cm
x-rays emerging from the tube that will be incident on the patient Useful beam
X-rays that do not reach the film gave opaque area
X-rays that are transmitted produce useful information produce blackness on the film
Only two interactions are important to radiology Compton effect and the photoelectric effect
produces no useful information compton scattering
X-ray photons undergo an ionizing interaction with inner shell electrons Photoelectric effect
general graying of the film Fog
greatest amount of x-rays emitted with energy approximately 1/3 the maximum of the highest energy photons Bremsstrahlung radiation
chart is used to determine the amount of time it takes for the x-ray tube to cool Anode cooling
chart is used to determine the maximum time and kVp that can be used for a given mA station Radiographic rating
Heat is released by radiation, conduction, and convection
300 mA or less focal spot is small
400 mA or more focal spot is large
acts as an insulator to prevent shock and to help cool the x-ray tube oil
protects us from electric shock Protective housing
X-Rays that escape the protective housing leakage radiation
made the 1st hot cathode x-ray tube Wiliam D. Coolidge
this tube was a vacuum tube in which the intensity and energy could be selected separately and accurately hot cathode tube
introduced a transformer that improved the use of the Crooks tube H.C. Snook
1st US death due to x-ray radiation 1904
1st US fatality due to x-ray radiation Clarence Dally
Fluroscope was developed by Edison
was the 1st to use a diaphragm and an aluminum filter William Rollins
Filtration Usually aluminum
Uses lead shutters that move equa-distance in the vertical and horizontal direction Collimation
converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) A rectifier
has 100% voltage ripple because voltage varies from zero to maximum used Single phase
has between 4-14% voltage ripple Three phase
has 1% voltage ripple High frequency
Full wave rectified power is at 60 Hz (cycles per second)
Inverts the voltage of the negative half of the cycle Full wave rectification
Reverts the negative to make it positive without any pauses full wave rectification
secondary voltage is higher than the primary voltage step up transformer
Converts low voltage from the electric company to high voltage needed for x-ray production High Voltage generator
Filament operates at currents between 3 and 6A
Filament temperature is controlled by the filament current (measures in Amperes)
# of electrons crossing the tube from cathode to anode Tube current
Supplies a precise voltage to the filament circuit and the high voltage circuit Autotransformer
# of x-rays or intensity of the beam expressed in mR or mAs Quantity
penetrability of the beam expressed in kVp or half value layer Quality
take a certain amount of aluminum and ask how much aluminum do I need to cut the beam intensity in half Half value layer
Radio waves are discussed using frequency Hertz
X-rays are discussed using energy electron volts
Visible light is discussed using wavelength meters
Equivalent to a He nucleus Alpha particles
Created by: hakrrins
Popular Radiology sets

 

 



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