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Procedures Test 4
medical emergencies, standard precautions, vital signs, drug classif.,
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the precautions to prevent the transmission of infections in healthcare institutions? | standard precautions |
| T/F: standard precautions apply to non-intact skin, mucous membranes, & secretions. | true |
| T/F: standard precautions apply to all excretions. | false; not sweat |
| What is the single most important means of preventing the spread of disease? | handwashing |
| How do you know if you have used enough hand antiseptic? | if hands are dry after rubbing together after 10-15 seconds you haven't used enough. |
| T/F: Handwashing needs to be done even when gloves are worn. | true |
| What equipment provides a barrier between the patient and the healthcare provider to prevent exposure to skin and mucous membranes? | PPE: personal protective equipment |
| What are some advantages of alcohol based hand rubs? | *more accessible *more efficacious with HAIs *less time |
| T/F: alcohol foam kills C. diff. | false |
| When PPE is worn, when are gloves put on? | last |
| Name some PPE. | gloves, fluid-repellent gowns, face masks, protective eyewear & respirators |
| What must always be done after removing and disposing PPE? | handwashing |
| What is medical asepsis? | reducing the probability of infectious organisms being transmitted to a susceptible individual. |
| What is the destruction of pathogens by using chemical materials? | disinfection |
| How is a contaminated area cleaned? | always clean from least contaminated area towards more contaminated area and from top down. |
| What is recommended to prevent the spread of HIV? | use sodium hypochlorite bleach |
| T/F: cleaning w/bleach is effective for all organisms. | false |
| How long should fingernails be in the workplace? | no longer than 1/4" |
| What jewelry is allowed to be worn in the workplace? | plain wedding band and watch |
| When is an individual placed on transmission based precautions? | when patient is infected with a pathogenic microorganism, communicable disease or when at risk of becoming infected. |
| What is the purpose of transmission based precautions? | to reduce the risk of airborne, droplet, and contact transmission. |
| What are the 3 types of precautions under transmission? | droplet, airborne, & contact |
| Which precaution includes organisms bigger than 5 microns? | droplet |
| T/F: droplet precautions need a surgical mask, the patient is in a negative pressure room, and the patient most likely has chicken pox or measles. | false; this is describing airborne precautions except a respirator (N95) is worn instead of a surgical mask. |
| What are the patients' condition when under contact precautions? | have a multi drug resisting organism, disease spread by indirect or direct contact, requires both gown & gloves |
| What diseases are under droplet precautions? | rubella, influenza, mumps |
| Influenza, rubella, and mumps are under what kind of precaution? | droplet |
| Which kind of mask is considered a respirator: surgical or N95? | N95 |
| Droplets typically travel how many feet before dropping? | 3 feet |
| Which travel further organisms in rubella or measles? | measles because they are airborne. Rubella is droplet. |
| How are droplet infections spread? | talking, sneezing, coughing |
| What PPE is worn with contact precautions? | gown and gloves |
| T/F: Contact precautions prevent infection spread by only direct contact. | false; can be spread through indirect as well. |
| Name some conditions/ infections that require contact precautions. | varicella, hepatitis, C. diff, MRSA, VRE |
| What does MDRO stand for? | multi drug resisting organism |
| T/F: radiographer who positions the patient is the "clean" member of the team. | true |
| What kind of conditions are compromised patients under? | protective isolation, equipment must be cleaned before entering room, patients have received organ transplant, burned patients, or chemo patients. |
| What is the constancy in the internal environment of the body, naturally maintained by adaptive responses that promotes healthy survival? | homeostasis |
| T/F: blood pressure, body temp, heartbeat, & respiratory rate are examples of primary mechanisms that maintain homeostasis. | true |
| T/F: electrolyte balance is not part of vital signs. | true |
| What are measurements of those primary mechanisms that adapt to responses inside or outside the body to maintain homeostasis? | vital signs |
| What are also reported with vital signs? | mental alertness |
| Vital signs are invasive or noninvasive? | noninvasive |
| What part of the body does body temperature measure? | degree of heat in the deep tissues |
| What is the normal body temperature range in Celsius? | 36.5-37.5 |
| How is the body temperature regulated? | *vasodilation & sweating *excess heat removed by ventilation *shivering generates heat *vasoconstriction conserves heat |
| What are the 5 routes the body temperature can be measured? | *oral *axillary *tympanic *rectal *temporal artery |
| When a patient is said to be febrile what does that mean? | fever or aka hyperthermia |
| What route is the most common method for measuring body temperature? | oral |
| Which route of measuring is useless & inaccurate? | axillary |
| Where is the tympanic route? | ear |
| Which route is the most accurate when recording body temperature? | rectal |
| What are temporal artery thermometers? | sweep device across forehead for immediate display; closely correlates to core body temperature |
| Which one relates to a fever: A)hypothermia B)hyperthermia? | B)hyperthermia |
| What incidents may cause a fever to occur? | *viral & bacterial infections *surgical procedures *myocardial infarction *head injury |
| What is a normal respiratory rate in adults? | 12-20 breathes per minute |
| How is respiratory rate measured? | breaths per minute |
| What happens when inspiration occurs? | diaphragm contract, chest cavity expands which causes the chest pressure to decrease. Air rushes into lungs. Diaphragm moves down |
| What does one single respiration consist of? | an inspiration + an expiration |
| T/F: During expiration, the diaphragm contracts causing an increase in pressure and air flows out of the lungs. | false; the diaphragm relaxes on expiration |
| What respiration causes the chest cavity pressure to decrease? | inspiration |
| What is the significance of abnormal breathing? | increased cellular metabolism which causes increase need for oxygen and to get rid of CO2, overall increased respiratory rate. |
| What is it called when your respiratory rate is greater than 20 breaths per minute? | tachypnea |
| T/F: bradypnea is more common than tachypnea. | false; tachypnea is more common |
| What is diaphoresis? | sweating |
| What kind of respiration is associated with drug overdoses, head trauma, & hypothermia? | bradypnea |
| What is dyspnea? | difficult breathing |
| What is orhtopnea? | difficulty breathing upon sitting or standing |
| What is an absence of spotaneous ventilation? | apnea |
| What is the arterial palpation of a heartbeat? | pulse |
| What is higher: adult or child pulse? | child |
| What 3 superficial arteries are used to measure pulse? | *radial *brachial *carotid |
| Where is your brachial pulse located? | in the antecubita fossa |
| Why is the thumb never used to take a pulse? | because it has its own pulse |
| What device is used to measure hemoglobin oxygen saturation of arterial blood & pulse rate? | pulse oximeter |
| What happens to the heart/pulse when there is an increase cellular demand for oxygen? | increases |
| What is it when your pulse is greater than 20 bpm or heart rate increases to more than 100 bpm? | tachycardia |
| T/F: hypothermia causes tachycardia. | false; it causes bradycardia |
| What is a decrease in heart rate? | bradycardia |
| What is the measure of the force exerted by blood on the arterial walls during contraction & relaxation of the heart? | blood pressure |
| T/F: systolic pressure is the peak pressure during contraction of the heart. | true |
| T/F: dystolic pressure is the pressure exerted on the arteries when the heart is relaxed. | true |
| Blood pressure equals what? A) systolic over diastolic B) diastolic over systolic | A) systolic/diastolic |
| What devices measure blood pressure? | sphygmomanometer & stethoscope |
| What is normal blood pressure? | systolic: 120 mmHg or less; diastolic: 80mmHg or less |
| At what level should you arm be at when assessing blood pressure? | level of the heart |
| What is the condition persistent, elevated blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg? | hypertension |
| What unit is blood pressure measured in? | mmHg (milimeters of mercury) |
| Hypertension increases the risk for what diseases? | stroke & heart attack |
| What is your blood pressure when you have hypertension? | 140/90 mmHg |
| T/F: Hypotension is a sign of shock. | true |
| What are is AVPU scale? | assessing levels of mental alertness: Alert, Verbal, Painful, Unresponsive |
| How is the patient when they are Verbal? | drowsy, but responsive to loud voices or gentle physical contact |
| How is the patient when they are labeled as "painful"? | unconscious & responds only to painful stimuli |
| What is the patients state when they are unresponsive? | comatose; no response to any stimuli |
| What are signs of deteriorating head injury? | *irritability *lethargy *slowing pulse rate *slowing respiratory rate |
| What is failure of the cirulatory system to support vital body functions? | shock |
| What is the type of shock where its caused by cardiac disorders including myocardial infarction? | cardiogenic |
| What type of shock is caused by loss of blood or tissue fluid? | hypovolemic |
| What type of shock is cause by spinal anesthesia or damage to the upper spinal cord? | neurogenic |
| What is the peak pressure of contraction of the heart? | systolic |
| A respiratory rate greater than 20 breaths per minute is what? | tachypnea |
| The most accurate method used to measure body temperature is what? | rectal |
| What describes the condition of having a fever? | hyperthermia or febrile |
| What are measurements of the mechanisms that adapt to responses inside or outside the body to maintain homeostasis? | vital signs |
| What is a device to measure hemoglobin oxygen saturation and pulse rate? | pulse oximeter |
| Persistant elevated blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg is known as what? | hypertension |
| The mental illness status when a patient does not respond to any stimuli and is in a coma is what? | unresponsive |
| Name some sign/symptoms of shock. | *restlessness *anxiety *tachycardia *decreased blood pressure *cold, clammy skin *pallor (pale) |
| What can cause anaphylactic shock? | iodinated contrast media administerated |
| What is urticaria? | hives |
| What are some mild reactions to contrast media? | *local itching/urticaria *nausea *vomiting |
| What are some serious reactions to contrast media? | *laryngeal edema *anaphylactic shock *cardiac arrest |
| What is when there is too much insulin present in the bloodstream? | hypoglycemia |
| How do you respond to a hypoglycemic patient? | pt needs to be given a quick form of carbohydrate, have patient sit down; seek medical attention especially if the patient is unconscious. |
| What is the condition of excessive sugar in the blood that can develop gradually over hours or days? | hyperglycemia |
| What are the ABC's of CPR? | airway, breathing, circulation (compression) |
| What is DNR? | no code; do not resuscitate if patient has an order for this via bracelet or necklace do NOT perform CPR. |
| What does AED stand for? | automatic external defibrillator |
| What are AEDs used for? | to restore the normal cardiac rhythm in the event of cardiac arrest caused by ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (arrhythmia) by delivering an electrical shock to the heart. |
| What is a cerebral vascular accident also known as? | stroke |
| What causes a stroke? | by occlusion of blood supply to the brain or rupture of a cerebral artery |
| What must be done to ensure a patient doesn't aspirate their own vomit? | turn them on their side (lateral decubitus) |
| What's another name for nosebleed? | epistaxis |
| What should be done in the case of a nosebleed? | have patient lean forward to apply pressure against the affected nostril; apply cold compress if bleeding doesn't stop |
| When should medical attention be seen for nosebleeds? | if the bleeding doesn't stop after 15 minutes. |
| What is the science concerned with the origin, nature, properties, effects, and uses of drugs? | pharmacology |
| What is a substance used as medicine to aid in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease? | drug |
| What identifies the chemical structure of the drug; often complex and not practical for everyday use? | chemical name |
| What is given to a drug when it becomes commercially available; aka non-proprietary name? | generic name |
| what is the difference between the generic name and the brand name? | *brand name: a drug manufactured by a specific company, a trade name, doesn't reflect chemical structure (proprietary) *generic name: drug when it becomes commercially available; simpler name from chem name (non-proprietary) |
| What are drugs that have similar chemical actions or functions that are grouped into categories? | drug families |
| T/F: the brand name is also known as the non-proprietary name. | false; brand name = proprietary name |
| T/F: over-the-counter drugs are prescription drugs. | false; over-the-counter drugs are nonprescription |
| T/F: vitamins and other dietary supplements are controlled by the FDA and are drugs. | false; not regulated by the FDA and are not considered as a drug. |
| What is the most common oral dose form? | tablet |
| What are one or more drugs that in small particles are suspended in a liquid barrier? | a suspension |
| T/F: a suspension dissolves in water. | false; a suspension does not dissolve; if not shaken up it settles on the bottom of the solvent. |
| What is a transdermal patch? | drug is applied to the skin surface and absorbed into bloodstream. |
| What is an example of a suspension? | barium |
| What is a powdered or liquid drug is contained in a gelatin shell which dissolves in the stomach? | capsule |
| T/F: you should never inject a suspension. | true |
| What is the state of adaptation exhibited by a withdrawal syndrome to a class of drugs and that may be produced by abrupt cessation, rapid dose reduction, or administration of an antagonist? | physical dependence |
| What is the chronic neurobiologic disease characterized by one or more of the following behaviors: impaired control over drug use, compulsive use, continued use despite harm, inappropriate use and craving? | addiction |
| What is the process of how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated. | pharmacokinetics |
| What is the study of the mechanism of drug action on various sites in the body? | pharmacodynamics |
| What organ is responsible for metabolizing? | liver |
| What organ is responsible for eliminating and secreting? | kidneys |
| What is are side effects? | drug acts on tissue other than those intended, which causes response unrelated to the intended action |
| What does it mean for the body to have an allergic reaction to a drug? | immunologic system is hypersensitive to the drug; mild to severe. |
| What are idiosyncratic reactions? | reactions caused by individuals genetics |
| What are the 5 rights of drug administration? | *right drug *right amount *right patient *right time *right route |
| What do analgesics do? | relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness |
| What do anesthetics do? | produce loss of ability to perceive pain and/or other sensations |
| What are Valium, Ativan, Xanax & Versed an example of? | Anti-anxiety agents |
| Are Valium, Ativan, Xanax & Versed the generic or brand name? | brand name |
| Whats an example of a local anesthetic? | lidocaine |
| What do anesthetics do? | produce loss of ability to perceive pain and/ or sensations |
| What do antibiotics do? | kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria |
| Penicilin is a broad or narrow spectrum antibiotic? | narrow-spectrum |
| What drugs inhibits clotting of blood? | anticoagulants |
| what do anticovulsants do? | prevents or controls seizures |
| What agents treat diabetes mellitus? | antidiabetic agents |
| which type of diabetes is insulin resistance? | type II |
| WHich type has insulin as the only treatment? | type I |
| Which drugs prevent and treat nausea and vomiting? | antiemetic |
| What do antihistamines do? | treat acute and chronic allergic disorders and symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections and common cold. |
| What drugs are used to sedate people? | antihistamines |
| What drugs inhibit platelet aggregation and are used to prevent myocardial infarction, stroke, and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)? | anitplatelets |
| What are used in the treatment of COPD & asthma? | bronchodilators |
| What drugs increase the amount of urine excreted by the kidneys, thus removing sodium and water from the body? | diuretics |
| What drugs promote the passage and elimination of feces from the large intestines; they are frequently used to prepare patients for both GI and urinary tract procedures in radiology? | laxatives |
| What drugs dissolve thrombi (clots)? | thrombolytics |
| what does norepinephrine do? | treatment of shock |
| What is an example of a vasodilator? | nitroglycerin |
Created by:
mokapis
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