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Chlamydia and eye
Chapter 21/25
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the two forms of chlamydia and what are they adapted for? | The elementary body is adapted for extracellular survival and for initiation of infection. The reticulate body is adapted for intracellular multiplication. |
| What are the three groups of serotypes that chlamydiae can be divided in? | 1. A,B,C 2.D - K and 3.L1,L2,L3 |
| What diseases does each group of chlamydia serotype cause? | A,B,Ba,C -> Trachoma D-K -> Cervicitis, urethritis, proctitis, conjunctivitis, pneumonia (in neonates) L1,L2,L3 -> Lymphogranuloma venereum |
| To which chlamydia bacterial species to these serotype groups belong to? | Chlamydia trachomatis |
| Describe the pathogenesis of Chlamydiae? | The EBs bind to receptors on epithelial cells and enter the cells via parasite-induced endocytosis. EBs differentiate into RBs, which multiply and differentiate into EBs. New Ebs are then released too infect other cells. |
| How does Chlamydiae trachomatis enter the body? | Through minute abrasions in the mucosal surface |
| What is the treatment for chlamydiae? | Adults are given doxycycline or azithromycin, since Chlamydiae is not susceptible to beta lactam antibiotics. Babies are given erythromycin. |
| What is Lymphogranuloma venereum and how is it treated? | Lymphogranuloma venereum is a systemic infection involving lymphoid tissue and is treated with doxycycline or erythromycin |
| How is C.trachomatis transmitted in genital diseases? | Sexual transmission via anal, oral or vaginal sex. |
| How is C.trachomatis transmitted in eye diseases. | By contact, with contaminated flies, fingers and towels. |
| What is ocular promiscuity? | Chlamydial infection is frequently spread from one conjunctiva to another and this can be referred to as ‘ocular promiscuity’. |
| How can C. trachomatis cause eye and lung disease in babies? | The conjunctiva or lungs of a newborn infant may become infected after passage down an infected birth canal. |
| How can chlamydia conjunctivitis be prevented and is there a vaccine? | By improvements in standards of hygiene. There is still no vaccine. |
| Name 3 other bacteria that can cause conjuctivitis? | Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus Aureus and Streptococcus Pneumoniae. |
| Name two viruses that could cause a conjunctival infections? | Varicella-Zoster virus and Herpes Simplex Virus. |
| What is the common virus type that causes viral conjunctivitis? | Overall, viral conjunctivitis is most commonly caused by adenovirus infections. |
| What are the structural and biological characteristics of Chlamydiae? | Chlamydia is an obligate intracellular, aerobic Gram-negative bacterium. They are typically coccoid or rod-shaped. |
| Describe important virulence factors of Chlamydia? | Its ability to grow and reproduce inside the host contributes to its virulence. C. trachomatis has a unique cell wall structure which enables it to inhibit phagolysosome fusion within phagocytes. |
| What are the immune escape mechanism(s)for Chlamydia? | |
| Is there any antibiotic resistance to Chlamydia and how is this transmitted? | Chlamydiae is passive resistant to Beta-lactams because the cell walls lacks peptidoglycan and this bacterial species is intracellular |
| What is the cell/tissue tropism of Chlamydia? | The primary tissue tropism for Chlamydia is epithelial cells |
Created by:
Beantha
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