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Chapter 2 Quiz
Essentials of Radiation Biology and Protection 2nd Edition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is defined as the combination of two or more tissues which are combined to perform specific functions? | Organ |
| What assist in growth, construct new tissues, and repair injured or worn out cells? | Proteins |
| What is considered to be the building blocks of proteins? | Amino Acids |
| Which protein is found in all living cells, and act as organic catalyst? | Enzymes |
| What stores energy, insulates our bodies from cold, assists with digestion, and helps to lubricate our joints? | Lipids |
| What is the body's major source of cell energy? | Carbohydrates |
| What contains carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and phosphorus, and are the largest known organic molecules? | Nucleic Acids |
| What inorganic compounds maintain the osmotic pressure of the cell by maintaining the correct proportion of water in the cell? | Sodium and Potassium |
| The cell membrane: | Functions to separate the cell's interior from its exterior surroundings |
| The cytoplasm: | Is where catabolism and anabolism occur in the cell |
| The centrosome and centrioles: | Function to organize the spindle fibers during cell mitosis |
| The endoplasmic reticulum: | Assists in channeling proteins and lipids into and out of the nucleus |
| The mitochondria: | Assist in breaking down carbohydrates, fat, and proteins into energy |
| The golgi apparatus: | are involved with cell secretions |
| Lysosomes: | Assist in digesting old, worn-out cell parts, dead cells, bacteria and foreign materials |
| The Nucleus: | Is the most vital cell organelle |
| The nuclear membrane: | Has openings which allow substances to travel from the nucleus to the cytoplasm |
| The nucleolus: | Contains ribosomes composed of RNA and protein |
| DNA: | Passes genetic information from cell to cell, and ultimately from generation to generation |
| RNA: | Assists with and controls protein synthesis |
| What is the linear thread of a cell nucleus? | Chromosome |
| What is the basic unit of heredity which has a specific location on a chromosome? | Gene |
| What is the mature male or female reproductive cell? | Gamete |
| The number of chromosomes for humans is 46. This number is termed the _____ or 2n. | Diploid |
| The number of chromosomes in the germ cells is referred to as the _____ or n number: | Haploid |
| In humans, the somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes in the nucleus, of which 44 are _____ (nonsex chromosomes), and two are sex chromosomes | Autosomes |
| The type of cell division involving somatic cells in which a parent cell divides to create two daughter cells the contain the same chromosome number and DNA content as the parent is termed: | Mitosis |
| The nondividing cell is in the segment of the cell cycle known as ______, which is subdivided into G1, S, and G2: | Interphase |
| The gap or growth phase between telophase and the start of DNA synthesis when the DNA is not replicating is termed: | G1 |
| The period of DNA synthesis or replication is termed: | S-Phase |
| It is during mitosis that cells are most: | Radiosensitive |
| The most radioresistant phase of the cell cycle is in late: | S-phase |
| One of the usually paired and parallel strands of a duplicated chromosome joined by a single centromere is the definition of a: | Chromatid |
| The point or region on a chromosome to which the spindle attaches during mitosis and meiosis is termed: | Centromere |
| What is the correct sequence of stages during mitosis: | Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase |
| The initial stage of mitosis and the mitotic division of meiosis characterized by the condensation of chromosomes consisting of two chromatids, disappearance of the nucleolus and nuclear membrane, and formation or mitotic spindle is termed: | Prophase |
| The stage of mitosis, and meiosis in which the chromosomes become arranged in the equatorial plane of the spindle is termed: | Metaphase |
| The stage of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes move toward the poles of the spindle is termed: | Anaphase |
| The final stage of mitosis and the second division of meiosis in which the spindle disappears and the nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes is termed: | Telophase |
| The cellularprocess that results inthe numberof chromosomes in gamete-producing cells being reduced to one half and that involves a reduction division in which one of each pair of homologous chromosomes passes to each daughter cell and a mitotic division | Meiosis |
| After DNA is replicated, cells utilize several other enzymes to _____ their work and correct mistakes from the replication process: | Proofread |
| During meiosis, or reduction division: | The cell divides twice in succession, but chromosomes are duplicated only one time |
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