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HC 101

HC 101 FInal Exam Chapters 32-34, 37

QuestionAnswer
vital signs include temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure
what is normal range for an adult heart rate 60-100
the normal range for BO for an adult is 120/80 mmHg
the normal range for respirations for an adult is 12-20
which method of measuring body temperature is most accurate? rectal
when using a tympanic thermometer it is important that you remove the thermometer from the charger and wait for the light to appear before you can use it
when using a tympanic thermometer what must you do before you can place the thermometer into the patient's ear? attach a disposable sheath
when taking a measure of the pulse, you are measuring the number of times that the heart beats in 1 minute
the normal ratio of pulse to respirations is 4:1
which pulse point is located in the groove on the thumb side of the inner wrist? radial pulse
where should you take an infants pulse if you cannot feel the brachial artery? over the apex of the heart
what is the medical term for rapid breathing? tachypnea
what is the medical term for slow breathing? bradypnea
what is the medical term for rapid heart rate? tachycardia
what is the medical term for slow heart rate? bardycardia
what is the medical term for abnormally rapid or deep breathing? hyperpnea
respirations that are characterized by periods of increasing and decreasing depth of respiration between periods of apnea are known as Cheyne-Stokes respirations
what is the medical term for the absence of respiration? apnea
a well known term "high blood pressure" is really called what in medical terms? hypertension
the name of the device used to measure blood pressure is called a sphygmomanometer (s-fig-mo-man-om-eter)
a stethoscope is used to amplify body sounds, to make them louder
the stethoscope consists of 4 parts which are earpieces, binaurals, rubber plastic tubing, and chestpiece
when normal beneficial microorganisms become pathogenic, the infection is said to be endogenous
an infection that is caused by a pathogen from outside the body is called exogenous
how is the influenza virus transmitted? airborne transmission
how is TB transmitted? airborne transmission
how is chickenpox transmitted? airborne transmission
a pathogen that is introduced to the body by ingesting contaminated food is foodborne transmission
a living organism that carries microorganisms from an infected person to another person is known as a vector
the most common vectors are mosquitos, fleas, and ticks
the west nile virus and malaria are both carried by what vector? mosquitos
Lyme disease and rocky mountain spotted fever is carried by what vector? ticks
which type of transmission occurs though contact with an infected persons mucous membranes? direct transmission
how can the MA help to break the cycle of infection in the office? maintaining strict housekeeping standards
what is necessary for an infection to survive and grow? the proper temperature, the proper pH and moisture
a reservoir host who is unaware of the presence of the pathogen and so spreads the disease is called a carrier
the body's ability to resist pathogens and disease is called immunity
an infection by a pathogen that can cause disease only when a host's resistance is low is an opportunistic infection
beneficial bacteria found in the body that creates a barrier against pathogens are called normal flora
when taking the BP of a patient who have had an implant, a mastectomy, or an injury to their arm what is the best way to determine which arm to use to take the reading? you should use the other arm or the upper leg
when taking a BP, the last sound that you hear is the diastolic pressure
when taking a BP, the first sound that you hear is the systolic pressure
in addition to obtaining the height and weigh of an infant, you will also measure the circumference of the infant's head
an example of an environmental factor in the transmission of disease is consuming unpasteurized milk from an infected cow
developing food poisoning after having lunch at the salad bar is an example of which type of pathogen transmission? foodborne
a complication of a strep infection manifested by carditis, ECG changes, joint pain, and inflammation and fever is rheumatic fever
a viral infection that is characterized by an itchy rash that turns into fluid-filled blisters chicken pox
mononucleosis is caused by which virus? varicella zoster
the viral or bacterial infection of the protective covering of the brain, spinal cord, and spinal fluid is called meningitis
the pathogen that enters through a puncture sound causes an infection called tetanus
night sweats, productive cough, fever, chills, fatigue, and weight loss are symptoms of TB (tuberculosis)
a frequent cause of bacterial infections including blood infections, epiglottitis and pneumonia for infants and young children Haemophilus Influenza Type B
another name for the "flu" is influenza
an acute, often fatal infectious bacterial dz caused by the introduction of pathogenic spores which enter the body through a puncture wound is tetanus
an infectious bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and may not cause symptoms is TB (tuberculosis)
an acute viral dz involving the gray matter of the spinal cord that has been reduced to fever that 10 cases each year due to childhood vaccinations poliomyelitis (Polio)
people at risk for blood-borne pathogens are usually employed in which careers healthcare workers, fire fighters, cosmotologist
which of the Hepatitis infections is spread by the fecal-oral route? Hep A
which of the Hepatitis infections is the most common blood-borne hazard to healthcare workers Hep B
a daycare worker who changes the diaper of a child, and then helps another child with a feeding before washing their hands could potentially pass on which Hepatitis infection? Hep A
which Hepatitis infection is also referred to as "non-A/non-B" Hep C
Which Hepatitis infection has no cure, and results in more deaths than Hep A and Hep B infections combined? Hep C
they type of hepatitis that occurs only in people infected with Hep B is Hep D
which Hepatitis infection is transmitted through contact with contaminated blood o rblody fluids or through sexual contact Hep C
the main risk factor for Hep B and Hep C is working in an occupation that requires exposure to human blood and body fluids
during the icteric stage of Hepatitis, the patient experiences jaundice; yhellowing of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes
the key component of the body's immune system that is destroyed by HIV is WBC's (white blood cells)
the incidence of HIV is rapidly increasing in what population of people? heterosexual men, woman, and children
what is the incubation period for HIV? 8-15 years
what is the greatest risk for contracting HIV? unprotected sexual activity
what must be present to confirm positive diagnosis of HIV? a western-blot test (IFA test; immunofluorescent antibody test)
what are some frequent symptoms of patients with AIDS? weight loss, fatigue, fever, chills, night sweats, sinus fullness, dry cough, SOB, difficulty swallowing, sinus drainage
what are the 2 most indicative symptoms of AIDS? hairy leukoplakia and Kaposi's sarcoma
white lesions that appear on the tongue of an AIDS patient are called hairy leukoplakia
what condition refers to the occurrence of abnormal tissue in the skin and sometimes in the lymph nodes and organ, and is manifested by reddish purple to dark blue patches on the skin Kaposi's sarcoma
what is the appropriate way to dispose of used needles to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS? always dispose of needles in a puncture-proof bio-hazardous waste container
a disease that is spread from person to person primarily through the bite of an infected mosquito is malaria
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