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Pathology Ch 7 & 9
Cardiovascular and Hematopoietic system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Freshly oxygenated blood leaves the _________ through the __________ ________ and enters the __________ __________. | Lungs; Pulmonary veins; Left Atrium |
| From the left atrium, blood passes through the __________ __________ (also called the _________ _________) and enters the _________ ____________. | Mitral valve; bicuspid valve; Left ventricle |
| From the left ventricle, blood passes through the __________ _________ and into the _________ where it then goes superior to the __________ and _____________ ___________... | Aortic valve; Aorta; Carotid and Subclavian arteries |
| From the left ventricle, blood passes through the ___________ ___________ and into the __________ where it then goes inferior to the __________ __________. | Aortic valve; Aorta; Femoral artery |
| Blood flows back to the __________ from the upper body through the ________________ ____________ and lower body through the ____________ _____________. | Heart; Superior Vena Cava; Inferior Vena Cava |
| Blood traveling back to the heart from the ___________ and ___________ __________ enters the __________ __________, then passes through the __________ ___________ and into the ___________ _____________. | Superior & Inferior Vena Cava; Right Atrium; Tricuspid Valve; Right Ventricle |
| From the right ventricle, blood passes through the ___________ ___________ to the _____________ _____________ and into the _______. | Pulmonic (pulmonary) valve; Pulmonary Artery; Lungs |
| The pulmonary artery branches into _________ __________ ___________ which enter the __________ for _______________. | 2 Pulmonary arteries (left & right); Lungs; Re-oxygenation |
| What are the most common CONGENITAL cardiac lesions? | Left to right shunts |
| This defect will permit mixing of blood from system and pulmonary circulations as a result of what? | Atrial Septal Defect; Nonclosure of the foramen ovale after birth |
| What is the most common cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease? | Tetralogy of Fallot |
| This is constriction of the aorta at the distal arch: | Coarctation of the aorta |
| Define coarctation: | constriction; tight or narrow compression |
| This disease causes ischemic heart disease as a result of decreased oxygen to the myocardium: | Coronary Artery Disease |
| This is a general term describing any hardening (and loss of elasticity) of medium or large arteries: | Arteriosclerosis |
| This is a form of arteriosclerosis caused specifically by atheromatous plaque: | Atherosclerosis (atheromatous=lipid containing) |
| What is Myocardial Infarction? | Death of myocardial cells caused by a lack of blood supply. |
| This is the inability of the heart to propel blood at the rate and volume sufficient for adequate supply to the tissues: | Congestive Heart Failure |
| ___________ ___________ is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the _____________ pulmonary __________. | Pulmonary edema; extravascular pulmonary tissues |
| What will typically cause pulmonary edema? | Kidneys not working properly |
| What is the leading cause of strokes and CHF? | Hypertension |
| COPD: | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
| Define High Blood Pressure: | Systolic above 140 mmHg/ Diastolic above 90 mmHg |
| An area of an artery in which the walls are dilated: | Aneurysm |
| This is a dilation or bulging on only one side of an arterial wall: | Saccular aneurysm |
| This is when the entire circumference of a vessel wall is bulging: | Fusiform Aneurysm |
| ___________ __________ is disruption of the intima allowing blood to flow between the layers of the wall. | Aortic dissection |
| What is a thrombus? | An intravascular clot |
| A piece of blood that enters the bloodstream is an _____________. | Embolism |
| An accumulation of fluid in the membrane surrounding the heart: | Pericardial Effusion |
| What is a major source of fatal pulmonary emboli? | Deep Vein Thrombosis |
| (RBC's) A decrease in the amount of oxygen-carrying hemoglobin in the blood: | Anemia |
| What is the most common cause of anemia? | Iron Deficiency |
| Defective red blood cells with a shortened life span can cause: | Hemolytic Anemia |
| This is a type of hemolytic anemia is generally confined to African-Americans: | Sickle Cell Anemia |
| What type of hemolytic anemia is predominantly in Italian, Greek and Sicilian descent | Thalassemia |
| Failure of bone marrow to function in the production of enough RBC's, WBC's and platelets: | Aplastic Anemia |
| A neoplastic proliferation of white blood cells: | Leukemia |
| ____________ are neoplasms of the lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphoid tissues of the GI tract, lungs and skin. | Lymphomas |
| Infectious mononucleosis may be caused by what? | The Epstein-Barr Virus |
| This inherited anomaly in blood coagulation that appears clinically only in males: | Hemophilia |
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foster1317
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