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RADT456 Rad Proced.
ARRT registry review covering Radiographic Procedures
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Typical location of abdominal viscera (stomach, gallbladder, and colon) in a hypersthenic patient. | High and lateral (pg. 81) |
| Typical location of abdominal viscera (stomach, gallbladder, and colon) in an asthenic patient. | Low and medial (pg. 81) |
| Name the four body habitus types from largest to smallest | Hypersthenic, sthenic, hyposthenic, asthenic. (pg. 81) |
| A turning outward or lateral motion of an articulation. | Eversion (pg. 84) |
| The most important means to eliminate voluntary motion on an image. | Good communication (pg. 87) |
| The most important way to eliminate involuntary motion. | Shortest exposure time (pg. 87) |
| Number of bones within the human adult skeleton. | 206. (pg. 91) |
| Functions of the skeletal system. | Support, reservoir for minerals, muscle attachment/movement, protection, and hematopoieseis. (pg. 91) |
| Name the levels of the spine and each corresponding body part/landmark. | C1 : Mastoid process C5 : Thyroid cartilage T2-3: Suprasternal notch T4-5: Sternal angle T10 : Xiphoid process L4 : Iliac Crest S1-2: ASIS Coccyx: Pubic Symphysis/Greater Trochanters (pg. 80) |
| The three classifications of bony articulations. | Synarthrotic (immovable), Amphiarthrotic (partially movable), and diathrotic (freely movable/Synovial). (pg. 91-92) |
| Types of diathrotic/synovial joints | Gliding (plane), Pivot (trochoid), Hinge (ginglymus), Ball & Socket (spheroid), Condyloid (ellipsoid), and Saddle (Sellar). (pg. 93) |
| Most common type of arthritis. | Osteoarthritis (degenerative arthritis). (pg. 93) |
| Contents of the appendicular skeleton | Extremities: Arms, legs, shoulder/pelvic girdles (pg. 93) |
| The four classifications of bones | Long, short, flat, and irregular. (pg. 94) |
| The primary ossification center during bone development. | Diaphysis (Shaft). (pg. 94) |
| The secondary ossification center of bones. | Epiphysis (pg. 94) |
| Name the carpal bones from lateral to medial (proximal row, followed by distal row). | Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate (pg. 96) |
| Usually the last bone to completely ossify (At approximately at age 21), and one of the most commonly fractured bones in young people. | Clavicle (pg. 100) |
| Central ray location for hand projections. | Perpendicular to 3rd MCP joint. (pg. 102) |
| Central ray location for thumb projections. | Perpendicular to MCP joint. (pg. 103) |
| Central ray location for finger projections. | Perpendicular to proximal IP joint. (pg. 103) |
| Central ray location for forearm projections. | Perpendicular to mid-forearm (pg. 105) |
| Central ray location for humerus projections. | Perpendicular to mid-humerus (pg. 105) |
| The largest tarsal bone. | Calcaneus (pg. 109) |
| Number of tarsal bones. | 7. (pg. 109) |
| What is the largest sesamoid bone in the human body? | The patella (pg. 112) |
| What is the longest and strongest bone in the human body? | Femur (pg. 113) |
| The knee is formed by... | The proximal tibia, patella, and distal femur (pg. 111) |
| Pelvis is the Latin word for... | "basin." (pg. 115) |
| The three fused bones that comprise the pelvic girdle. | Ilium, ischium, and pubis. (pg. 115) |
| Characteristics of a normal male pelvis (compared to female pelvis). | Narrower than females, more vertical, deeper from anterior to posterior, pubic angle less than 90 degrees, pelvic inlet narrower and heart shaped/round. (pg. 117) |
| Characteristics of a normal female pelvis (compared to male pelvis). | Wider and more angled toward horizontal than the male pelvis, shallower from anterior to posterior, pubic angle greater than 90 degrees, and pelvic inlet larger and rounder. (pg. 117) |
| Approximate degree of angle for an AP foot projection. | 10 degrees toward the heal (cephalic). (pg. 119) |
| Position of the foot that best demonstrates the sinus tarsi. | Medial oblique foot (pg. 119) |
| Degree of rotation for a mortise view ankle image. | 15-20 degrees (pg. 122) |
| Degree of central ray angle for patients with ASIS to table top measurement of less than 19 cm. | 3-5 degrees caudal (pg. 124) |
| Degree of central ray angle for patients with ASIS to table top measurement of 19-24 cm. | 0 degrees (pg. 124) |
| Degree of central ray angle for patients with ASIS to table top measurement that is greater than 24 cm. | 3-5 degrees cephalad (pg. 124) |
| What is the CR angle and entrance location on an AP outlet view of a male pelvis. | 20-35 degrees cephalad to pubic symphysis (pg. 127) |
| What is the CR angle and entrance location on AP outlet views on a female pelvis. | 30-45 degrees cephalad to pubic symphysis. (pg. 127) |
| What is the CR angle and entrance location on AP inlet views of the pelvis. | 40 degrees caudad, entering midway between ASIS. (pg. 127) |
| Degree of patient rotation for AP sacroiliac joint views. | 25-30 degrees LPO/RPO (while imaging side up). (pg. 128) |
| Type of fracture composed of several fragments. | Comminuted fracture (pg. 131) |
| Comminuted fracture with one or more wedge or butterfly wing-shaped pieces. | Butterfly fracture. (pg. 131) |
| Fracture where the end of the bone has penetrated the skin (open fracture). | Compound fracture (pg. 131) |
| Fracture to the head of the 5th metacarpal. | Boxer fracture (pg. 131) |
| Transverse fracture of the distal third of the radius with posterior angulation. | Colle's fracture (pg. 131) |
| What does the axial skeleton consist of? | Facial/cranial bones of the skull, the 5 sections of the vertebral column, sternum, and ribs (pg. 133) |
| How many bones comprises the vertebral column? | 33 (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 fused sacral, and 4 fused coccyx). (pg. 133) |
| What sections of the vertebral column are lordotic? | Cervical and lumbar (pg. 133) |
| What sections of the vertebral column are kyphotic? | Thoracic and sacral regions (pg. 133) |
| What two structures meet to form apophyseal joints of the spine? | Superior and inferior articular process of vertebra (pg. 134) |
| Types of motion capable from vertebral column articulations. | Flexion, extension, and lateral/rotary motions (pg. 134) |
| Point where superior articular processes of C-2 articulate with the skull. | Atlanto-occipital joint (pg. 135) |
| A pivot point where rotation of the head occurs | Atlantoaxial joint (pg. 135) |
| Typical characteristics of cervical vertebrae | Bi-fid spinous processes (except C-7), transverse foramina, and small in size (pg. 136) |
| Central ray angle for AP and posterior oblique views of C-Spine. | 15-20 degrees cephalad to thyroid cartilage (C-4). (pg. 137) |
| Characteristics unique to thoracic vertebrae | Bodies and transverse processes have articular facets for rib articulations (pg. 139) |
| Portion of the lumbar vertebra that creates "the neck of the scotty dog." | Pars interarticularis (pg. 143) |
| Central ray angle for AP view of sacrum | 15-25 degrees cephalic (pg. 143) |
| Central ray location for lateral view of sacrum | CR perpendicular to a point 3 inches posterior to ASIS (pg. 143) |
| Central ray angle for AP view of coccyx | 10-20 degrees caudal to a point 2 inches above pubic symphysis. (pg. 145) |
| The three divisions (from superior to inferior) of the sternum | Manubrium, body, and xiphoid process (pg. 146) |
| Ribs that are considered "true" ribs | 1-7. (pg. 146) |
| Patient position for PA sternum. | 15-20 degree RAO (pg. 147) |
| Number of bones that compose the cranium | 8 (pg. 148) |
| Number of facial bones | 14 (pg. 148) |
| Point at which the sagittal and coronal sutures of the cranium meet | Bregma (fetal anterior fontanel). (pg. 148) |
| Point at which the sagittal and lambdoidal sutures of the cranium meet. | Lamda (fetal posterior fontanel). (pg. 148) |
| Bat shaped cranial bone | Sphenoid bone (pg. 151) |
| Difference of degree between the OML and IOML | 7 degrees (pg. 153) |
| Difference of degree between the OML and GML | 8 degrees (pg. 153) |
| Name the cranial bones | (1) frontal, (2) parietal, (2) temporal, (1) occipital, (1) ethmoid, and (1) sphenoid. (pg. 150) |
| Smallest facial bone | Lacrimal (pg. 154) |
| Largest facial bone | Mandible (pg. 154) |
| Central ray direction for PA axial skull (Caldwell) | 15 degree caudad (from OML), directed to nasion (pg. 156) |
| Central ray direction for AP axial skull (Townes) | 30 degree caudad to a point approximately 1.5 inches above glabella (from OML). (pg. 156) |
| Central ray location for a lateral skull | CR perpendicular to a point 2 inches superior to EAM (pg. 156) |
| Central ray direction for a PA axial mandible | 20-25 degree cephalad. (pg. 161) |
| Name the four paired paranasal sinuses | Frontal, ethmoid, maxillary, and sphenoid. (pg. 162) |
| Largest sinuses | Maxillary (pg. 162) |
| Breathing instructions for exposure of soft tissue neck images | Slow nasal inspiration (pg. 165) |
| Components of respiratory system | Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs (pg. 167) |
| Lower respiratory system. | Trachea, bronchi, and lungs (pg. 167) |
| Level of the spine in which the carina of the bronchi is located. | Approximately T-5 (pg. 168) |
| Aspirations are more common to occur in which bronchus? | Right main bronchus. (pg. 168) |
| How many lobes does each lung have? | Three lobes within the right lung, and two within the left lung. (pg. 168) |
| CR direction and angle for an AP axial (lordotic) chest exam. | 15-20 degrees cephalad, to T-2. (pg. 171) |
| Accessory organs to the digestive system | Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. (pg. 176) |
| Largest salivary gland. | Parotid (pg. 176) |
| GI tract tissue layers (from inner to outer). | Mucosa, submucosa, muscular, and serosa. (pg. 179) |
| Parts of the small intestine. | Duodenum (9-12"), Jejunum (9 ft.), Ileum (13 ft.). (pg. 179) |
| Approximate length of the large intestine. | 5-6 feet (pg. 179) |
| Contraindication for barium sulfate. | GI perforation (pg. 186) |
| Functions of the urinary system | Remove wastes from the blood, and eliminate it in the form of urine. (pg. 190) |
| Approximate spine level of the kidneys. | Between vertebral levels of T12-L3. (pg. 190) |
| Which kidney sets lower than the other. | The right kidney sets lower than the left due to presence of the liver. (pg. 190) |
| Amount of distance the kidneys shift inferior when a person's body is erect. | 1-3" (pg. 190) |
| The three normal constrictions observed in the ureter. | Ureteropelvic junction, pelvic brim, and the ureterovesicular junction. (pg. 190) |
| What type of KUB projection best demonstrates contrast filled ureters? | PA Projection (pg. 195) |
| When should hysterosalpingograms be scheduled? | Approximately 10 days after the start of menstruation, due to little chance of irradiating a newly fertilized ovum. (pg. 198-199) |
| Location of most disk ruptures of the spine. | 90% occur at the level of L4-L5 and L5-S1 interspaces. (pg. 200) |
| Contraction phase of the heart muscle | Systole (pg. 201) |
| Relaxation phase of the heart muscle | Diastole (pg. 201) |
| Only veins in the body to carry oxygenated blood. | Pulmonary veins (pg. 203) |
Created by:
jksmith1
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