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Urinary System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Urinary system is comprised of | Kidneys 2, Ureters 2, bladders 1, urethra 1 |
| Functions of the urinary system (3) | 1. Remove waste products from the blood 2.maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance 3.Secretes substance that affect blood pressure |
| Another name from the urinary system | Excretory system |
| Excretory ducts | Responsible for exreting urine |
| Calyces and renal pelvis located | In kidneys |
| Ureters located | extends from the renal pelvis of each kidney |
| Urinary bladder | Recieves distal end of ureters, acts as a reservoir for urine |
| Urethra | conveys urine to exterior |
| Kidney demensions | 4 1/2" long; 2-3" wide; 1 1/4"thick |
| Kidneys are divided into | Upper and lower poles |
| Each kidney lies | In an oblique and is rotated about 30 decrease anteriorly toward the aorta |
| Kidneys located (3) | Retropertoneally (pancreas as well). On each side of the spine in the same coronal plane as lumbar verterbrae. between t12 and L3 |
| Kidneys lie how in hypersthenic | Higher |
| Kidneys lie in asthentic | Lower |
| Lower pole of kidney lies how | More anterior and lateral |
| Which kidney lies lower and why | Rt b/c of liver aprox 1cm |
| Kidney movement with breathing | Normal respiratory excursion is 1-2" |
| Kidney movement from supine to upright | Drop more then 2" |
| Nephroptosis | condiction in which kidneys drop more then 1 vertebrae aka "drooping of kidney" |
| Hilum | Medial indentation of kidney, where vessels enter and exit kidney (renal artery, vein, lymphatic vessels, nerve and ureter) |
| Renal Capsule | The outer covering of the kidney, which is embedded in a mass of fatty adipose tissue |
| Renal Cortex | Outer layer, grandular in appearance, DARKEST REGION, has renal columns, renal pyramids |
| Renal columns | extentsions of the cortex |
| Renal medulla | Inner layer, larger area than cortex, LIGHTER IN APPERANCE, contains collecting tubule that give it a striated appearance |
| Renal Pyramids | where collecting tubules converge and drain into, cone shaped, located in medulla and point to renal pelvis. consists of 8-15 cone shaped renal pyramids |
| Renal sinuses | Area b/t pyramids, where pyramids drainm lead to pelvicalyceal system |
| Pelvicalyceal system | where renal sinuses drain |
| Pelvicalyceal system consists of | Minor and major calyces and renal pelvis |
| Minor calyces | Cup like of renal pelvis where pyramids drain, 1 calyx receives a few pyramids, 4-13 of these, unite to form major calyces |
| Major calyces | 2-3 of these unite to form renal pelvis |
| Renal pelvis | Upper expanded portion of ureter, joins calyces, joins ureter, near hilum, upper part is inside kidney, lower part is outside of kidney |
| Nephrons | Essential miscroscopic components of parenchyma of kidneys. 1 million in each kidney and are visualized in early phase of IVP "blushing" |
| Nephrons function | to remove waste products from blood. |
| Nephrons located where | In cortex of kidney |
| 2 Parts of a nephron | Renal corpuscle, renal tubule |
| Renal coruscles consist of | Glomerulus, Afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole |
| Glomerulus | cluster of capillaries that stem off renal artery |
| Afferent arteriole | vessel entering capsule |
| Efferent arteriole | Vessel exiting capsule, they are smaller then afferent arteriole |
| Efferent arterioles create | pressure in glomerulus. small particles get squeezed out thru cappilaries, h20 and large particles stay in blood |
| Renal filtratere | What gets squeezed out of the efferent arterioles. not yet urine |
| Glomerular Capsule | bowmans capsule. double walled membraneous cup, inner layer porous and permeable, outlayer not permeable, continues into renal tubule |
| Renal tubule consists of | Proximal convuluted tubule; loop of henle; distal convuluted tubule |
| Proximal convoluted tubule | Most of filtrate is reabsorbed into blood stream in PCT |
| Loop of henle | located in medulla |
| Distal convoluted tubule | Opens up into collecting ducts |
| Collecting ducts | several nephrons empty into 1 duct, ducts convert to form renal pyramid, also located in medulla |
| Ureters do what | Convey urine to bladder slowly, through rhythmic contracts (peristalsis and gravity) |
| Ureter dimensions | 10-12" long, descend behind the peritoneum and in front of psoas muscle, enter posteriolateral surface of urinary bladder at aprox level of ischial spine |
| UPJ | Uretero-pelvic junction; between ureters and renal pelvis |
| UVJ | Urtero vesical junction. between ureters and where they enter bladder. Where ureter passes over iliac artery (near brim of pelvis) |
| Urinary bladder is | a musculomembraneous collapsible sac; reservoir for urine |
| Urinary bladder sits | immediately posterior and superior to pubic sypmh. directly anterior to rectum in males and anterior to vagina in females.q |
| Urinary bladder when full/empty | Varies in size, shape, and position depending on how full it is (flattended when empty, oval when full) |
| Urinary Bladder orifices | 3. where 2 ureters enter bladder and where urethra begins |
| Trigone | Triangular area of smooth tissue that is located between the 3 orifices |
| Urine is made up of | 96% H20. other 4% is salts, toxins, pigments and hormones, urea and waste products |
| Characteristics of urine (4) | -usually clear or amber color -slightly acidic -slight ammonia smell -usually void 1-1.5 liters/day |
| Medical terms for urinating | Voiding. Micturition |
| Adult bladder | can hold aprox 500mL of fluid when completley full. The desire to urinate occurs when about 250mL of urine is in the bladder |
| Pigment in Urine | Urochrome is the pigment that gives urine its color and is derived from urobilin |
| Urobilin | Is a brown pigment formed by the oxidation of urobilinogen, a decomposition of the product bilirubin. Urobilin may be formed from the urobilinogen in stool or in urine after exposure in air |
| Urethra | -narrow musculomembranous tube -sphincter type muscle at neck of bladder -external opening called external urethral orifice |
| Female/male urethra | Female- 1 1/2" . Male- 7-8" and consists of 3 portions |
| 3 portions of male urethra | 1. Prostatic 2.Membranous 3.Spongy |
| Prostate | Small gland that sits at base of bladder, part of male reproductive system, can enlarge and cause urinary problems |
| BUN and Creatinine Levels | Blood urea nitrogen->8-25 mg/100ml Creatinine-> .6-1.5 mg/100ml. Significant increase suggests renal dysfunction |
Created by:
rachelbeatty4
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