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Conditions Test 2
Conditions Chap 4 & Lymph SRM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acute Edemas (handout) | Short duration, RAPIDLY progressive, & in need of urgent care |
| Sub Acute Edemas (handout) | Short duration, CAN BE progressive, & in need of care |
| Chronic Edemas (handout) | Persisting for a long time or recurring, still in need of care |
| How do you measure for Edema (handout) | 1. Always use same landmark 2.Same time of day 3. Same position 4. same measuring technique (or use Anthropemetric Measuring Tape) |
| DVT is usually DX how but what should you ALWAYS remember? (handout) | By use of a venous doppler & duplex U/S BUT KNOW YOUR FACILITIES PROTOCOL |
| T/F: Your pat. has just had a total hip replacement & is post op & complaining of severe calf pain. You should massage their calf for them. (handout) | FALSE--could dislodge clot |
| T/F: Your pat. has DVT. You should sit them up & let their legs dangle over the end of the stretcher. (handout) | FALSE--cause pooling of the blood |
| What are the Contraindications for TX of Lymphadema (handout) | Unknown etiology; cellulitis or active infections/fungus; cardiac; uncontrolled HBP; prego; Severe Renal; DVT;Acute stages of wound healing;severe pulomonary;active CXR-except for comfort;malignant lymphedema |
| Hyperglycemia pg 190 | An increase in the normal blood glucose level (excessive sugar), |
| Diabetes Mellitus pg 190 | A chronic disorder of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism caused by inadequate production of insulin by the pancreas or faulty use of insulin by the cells. |
| Polyuria pg 190/175 | Excretion of abnormally large amounts of urine |
| Pruritus pg 190 | Itching |
| Thyroxine (T4)pg 176 | One of the tyrosine-based hormones that is the major form of thyroid hormone in the blood, containing 4 iodine molecules. It is primarily responsible for regulating our metabolism (metabolic rate) |
| What are the symptoms of Hyperglycemia? pg 190/191 | it produces symptoms of polyuria, polyphagia (excessive hunger), polydipsia (excessive thirst), weight loss, and fatigue (as seen in diabetes Mellitus), fruity breath, ab pain,nasea/vomit, drowsy,flushed,dehydr.,heavy resp,lethargy, LOC, coma |
| What does the endocrine system control? (That's "En-doe-crin" Shannon!!)pg 167 | Homeostasis, stress response, & body activities |
| The endocrine & nervous syst's work together for homeostasis,etc. what are the differences between the 2? pg 167 | Endocrine is slower response (onset)but longer duration of affect (Nervous is immediate but short lived) |
| What are hormones? (NO comments Marco :>) JK!!) pg 167 | Chemical messengers that have targeted responses (specific gland/tissue) but affect multi systems |
| What 2 hormones are found in the Pancreas that regulate sugar? pg 170 | Insulin & Glucagon |
| What 3 hormones help regulate the Thyroid? pg 170 | Thyroxine (T4), Tri-iodo-thyronine (T3), Calcitonin=childhood regulation |
| Atrophy pg 168/863 | wasting away of body tissues due to degeneration of cells |
| Hyperplasia pg 168/867 | Increased cell production in a normal tissue or organ (# of cells) |
| Hypertrophy pg168/867 | Increased volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of the individual cells (cell size increases) |
| Gigantism pg 169 (pituitary) | hypersecretion of GH before puberty. TX w/SX |
| Dwarfism pg 174 (pituitary) | Hyposecretion of GH before puberty=growth retardation. TX w/hGH (somatotropin)injections |
| How will OT assist pat's w/gigantism or dwarfism? pg 175 | By providing adaptive equipment & positioning, Patient/family education |
| What are TROPIC hormones? (Nope, not the islands:) pg 167 | Hormones that target/stimulate secretion of other hormones |
| How do all endocrine diseases occur? pg 168 | from an abnormal increase/decrease in the secretion of hormones |
| What are the 3 reasons that glandular secretions may diverge from normal? pg 168 | Atrophy, hypertrophy, or hyperplasia =usually due to an "insult" to the gland (infection, trauma, SX, Inflammation) |
| What are COMMON abnormal endocrine symptoms? pg 168 | 1.Growth Abnorms 2.Emot.Disturbs/psych probs 3.skin,hair,nail changes 4.Edema 5.Hyper/Hypo-tension 6.Arrhythmia 7.+/- urine output 8.Muscle weakness/atrophy 9.Menstrual irregularity/amenorrhea 10.Impotence/libido changes 11.Sterility 12.+/- Energy levels |
| What are the modalities for DX endocrine disorders? pg 168 | Blood tests (RIAs)& Urinalysis. MRI,US,& scans determine type/location of lesions |
| What is diabetes Insipidus (sip, sip, sip, pee,pee,pee)**symptoms can onset abruptly** pg 175 | Disturbance of H2O metabolism=extreme thirst/excessive secretion of diluted urine due to lack of ADH(vasopressin)causing polyuria & polydipsia. May also exhibit signs fatigue & dehydration:dry mucous membranes,LBP, poor skin turgor, dizziness, fatigue |
| Can thyroid diseases be resolved? pg 176 | Yes (through med's & SX) |
| What usually causes disturbances in the thyroid? pg 176 | +/- secretions of T3, T4, & mass lesions |
| What is one of the 1st signs of thyroid disease pg 177 | A goiter (simple) |
| Goiter (Simple)=(nontoxic) pg 177 | any enlargement of the thyroid gland evidenced by a conspicous,swollen mass in the neck (hyperplasia). Typical fem. pat's |
| What thyroid diseases/symptoms fall into the hyperfunction category? pg 177 | Grave's (auto imm), Polydipsia, polyuria,dyspnea,dysphagia,wt.loss, tachycardia, anxiety, ++sweating, heat intolerance, diarrhea, thin hair, exophilalmos (bug eye), CHF, hyperflexia, enlarged thyroid-warm to touch(palpate),nodules,1 solitary toxic nodule |
| How are goiters usually TX? pg 178 | 1 drop KI/week(pot.iod) (seafood/vege's)..AVOID turnips,cabbage,broccoli,br.spouts,cauliflower,radishes,soy (goitrogenic foods), lithium medication,SX if nec. |
| What endocrine organ produces pathology most often? (There's always 1 in the crowd!!)pg 176 | Thyroid (T4 & T3 affect the meabolism of all body tissues thru systemic circulation) |
| In the early stages, might a patient be aware that they have a simple goiter? pg 177 | No--asymptomatic |
| How much iodine is considered adequate in the diet? pg 179 | 150-300mg daily |
| What is one symptom you typically will NOT see in hypER thyroidism? (lecture) | Cholesterol/plaque build up |
| When the entire thyroid hypertrophies resulting in a diffused goiter & thus resulting in overproduction of T-hormones, what condition do you have? pg 180 | Graves' Disease (primary hyperthyroidism) |
| A sudden exacerbation (increase) in symptoms due to exaggerated T-hormone levels can be life threatening. What is this called? pg 180 | Thyrotoxicosis (thyroid storm) |
| T/F: Hyperthyroidism tends to be familial & genetically caused | F: Familial & suggested genetic causation, but cause is still unknown: thought to be A/I response |
| T/F: Hypothyroidism tends to be familial & more common to women | False: Familial but can strike either sex at any age (iodine deficient areas-major cause of mental deficiency) |
| Cretinism | Congential Hypothyroidism (develops in infancy or early childhood) Causes mental & growth retardatiion |
| What causes cretinism | error in fetal development (absence of enzyme needed for T3/4 synthesis), Maternal thyroid deficiency, iodine deficient diet |
| Myxedema | Acquired hypothyroidism developing in older child/adult--usually female: menorrhagia, bloated face, thick tongue, puffy eyelids, excess tired, fatique, slow/slurred speech, dry skin (see hypo symptoms) |
| Common symptoms of HypOthyroidism? | loss of hair, brittle/coarse hair,periorbital edema, puffy face, Norm/small thyroid, CHF-Bradycardia, constipation, Cold intolerance, muscle weakness, Extremity weakness, |
| If someone is in a diabetic coma,you should call a code, & then grab juice/soda & graham crackers to try to stabilize their glucose levels | NO!! You just killed them! Hyperglycemia=NO Sweets!! Give insulin & fluids & NaHCO3 |
| Diabetes Mellitus refers to "sugar" diabetes with 2 types which are what: | Type 1=)"diabetic Coma" pancreas/insulin dependent HYPERglycemic (aka juvenile: give insulin TYPE 2="Insulin shock/Reaction"Diet/non-insulin (aka adult onet/ NIDDM) can be either HYPER or HYPO--give sugars |
| What are the symptoms of HYPOglycemia | RAPID onset!, hunger, tremble/shakes, paleness, syncopy, COLD SWEATS, HEADACHE,IRRITABILITY, CONFUSION, seizures, rapid HB,anxiety,vision imprmt,LOC |
| What causes someone to have Insulin Shock? | forgot to eat, didn't eat enough, ate too late/delayed, exercise too much |
| If you have an insulin reaction, are you Hypo- or hyperglycemic | Hypo-your body produced too much insulin/not enough sugar. give juice/soda & graham crackers/candy |
| If you have a diabetic coma, are you Hypo-/hyperglycemic | HYPER--you are OD'ing on sugar!! Need Insulin ASAP |
| What causes someone to have a diabetic coma? | Eat too much, STRESS/infection, skipped meds/insulin dose, Not prev. DX!! |
| What do we need to be aware of in OT for Hypoglycemics: | RAPID ONSET, watch for symptoms! careful of injuries (healing), may be anxious or lethargic,Don't overexercise, educate pat. of diet & meds, give simple sugars if needed |
| What do we need to be aware of in OT for Hyperglycemics: | May be lethargic, doesn't heal well, need lots of fluids, educate diet/meds NO SWEETS! |
| Why would it be important to know if your pat. was using Glucophage to TX their type 2 diabetes? | 1. side effect=lactic acidosis: weakness, fatigue, unusual muscle/ab pain, dyspnea, dizziness, light headed, bradycardia or arrhythmias, 2. should not be taken by ppl w/HX of renal disease, CHF, Liver disease, alcoholism. Must stop before taking contrast |
| What are some names of Glucophage meds? | Avandia-being removed from mkt, Actos |
| What is Metabolic Syndrome: "syndrome x" | Collection of signs/conditions that existing together may increase person's potential for Type 2 diabetes & CV disease |
| What are the 5 main components of Syndrome X (pre-diabetic) | 1. Central obesity F=35"+/M=40"+ 'visceral fat' 2.++BP over 130/85 M/F 3.Abnorm lipid levels (cholesteral LDLs) 4.Insulin resistance or increase in amt needed to control 5.impaired glucose tolerance. ALSO poor nutrition & inadequate exercise contribute. |
| What is a brittle diabetic | A type 2 that progresses to a type 1 |
| What type of test is given to people who have several of the syndrome x factors? | Glucose Tolerance Test (YUCK!!) |
Created by:
RadGirl13
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