Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Spine
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the functions of the vertebral column | -encloses and protects spinal cord -supports -provides muscle attatchments |
| how many total vertebrae are there in early life | 33 |
| how many true moveable vertebrae are there | 24 |
| which vertebral segments are false | sacral and coccygeal |
| how many vertebrae are in each vertebral segment | -7 cervical -12 thoracic -5 lumbar -5 sacral(fused) -4 coccygeal(fused) |
| what happens at the SI joints | lower extremities are connected to vertebral column |
| convex/lordotic curve | anterior/outward curve |
| concave/kypotic curve | posterior/inward curve |
| dawagers hump | extreme kyphosis |
| sway back | extreme lordosis |
| what are the primary curves | -thoracic -pelvic |
| what are the secondary curves | -cervical(developed at about 3 months) -lumbar (developed at about 9-12 months) |
| kyphosis | a condition of increased kyphotic curve |
| Lordosisis | a condition of increased lordotic curve of L spine |
| Scoliosis | a condition of abnormal lateral curvature of spine |
| Vertebral disc make up how much of the height | 1/4 " |
| Nucleus pulposus | Gelatin like, soft mass core of vertebral disc |
| Annulus fibrosus | outer, fibrocartilaginous disk, very strong |
| HNP | Herniated nucleus pulposus, Slipped Disk |
| formed by two pedicles and two laminae | Vertebral Arch |
| vertebral arch supports what | four articular processes(two superior and two inferior), two transverse processes, and one spinous process |
| what is another name for the articular processes | zygopophysis process |
| pedicles project from __________ | posterior part of body |
| laminae project ________ and ________ from _________ | -postriorly -medially -pedicles |
| transverse processes project ____________ and _________ from juction of laminae and pedicles | -laterally -a little posteriorly |
| spinous process projects _________ and ________ from junction of both laminae | -posteriorly -inferiorly |
| spina bifida | congenital condition in which laminae fail to fuse |
| articular processes articulate with _______ above and below junction of pedicles and laminae and form __________ joints | -vertebrae -zygopophyseal |
| what are the two main parts of a typical vertebrae | body and vertebral arch |
| the open space that is formed by the body and vertebral arch is called what | vertebral foramen |
| articulation of vertebral foramina forms what | vertebral canal |
| notch on underside of pedicle | vertebral notch |
| describe a typical cervical vertebrae | -small -oblong -transversely located bodies -there are foramina located on transvers processes -short, bifid spinous process |
| how many typical cervical vertebrae are there | 4(C3-C6) |
| which are the atypical cervical vertebrae | C1, C2, and C7 |
| transverse foramina are also referred to as_______ | foramen transverse |
| articular pillars | area between the inferior and superior articular processes of a cervical vertebrae (also called pars interarticularis) |
| what is unique about C1 and what is its other name | -has no body -aka atlas |
| what is unique about C2 and what is its other name | -has a conical process called a dens or odontoid that protrudes upward through the middle of C1 -aka axis |
| what is unique about C7 | has a longer spinous process called vertebra prominens |
| the zygopophyseal joints of C2-C7 are at _______ angles or ______ degrees to MSP and are demonstrated best in what projection | -right angles or 90 degrees to MSP -demonstrated bes in lateral projection |
| the intervertebral foramina of the cervical region are directed ________ at a _____ degree angle from msp | -anteriorly at a 45 degree angle |
| what must be done to both tube and pt to see the intervertebral foramina of the C-spine | -angle CR 15 degrees cephalic and rotate pt 45 degrees |
| what does C1 or the atlas vertebrae consist of | -anterior and posterior arch -two lateral masses -two transverse processes -no vertebral dody |
| the arch of C1 is divided into anterior and posterior portion by _________ | transverse antlantal ligament |
| anterior portion of arch of C1 receives _______ | odontoid process of C2 |
| posterior portion of arch of C1 is where _______ passes | proximal portion of the spinal cord |
| what is found on each lateral mass of C1 | superior and inferior articular processes |
| the superior articular processes of C1 receives the _______of ________ forming what joint | -condyles -occipital bone -forms atlantoocipital joint |
| the transverse processes of C1 are ___________ than other cervical vertebrae, and project _______ and slightly ________ from lateral masses | -longer and laterally slightly inferior |
| what does C2 or the axis consist of | -conical process called a dens or odontoid,which is received by the anterior portion of C1 - -superior articular processes on each side of dens, which join inferior articular processes of C1 to form 1st zygopophyseal joint |
| what is the 1st zygopophyseal joint called | lateral atlanto-axial joint(best seen in AP projection or zero degrees from msp) |
| inferior articular processes of C2 have same direction as C3-C7 and are best seen in waht projection | lateral |
| what movement does the atlantoocipital joint permit | nodding |
| what movement does the medial atlantoaxial joint permit | rotation of head |
| which vertebrae occupy the posterior thorax | thoracic |
| describe a typical thoracic vertebrae | -triangular in shape -costal facets on posterior and lateral side of body for articulation with head of ribs -facets on transverse processes for articulation with tubercle of ribs(except for T11 and T12) -lamina are brod and thick -long spinous proces |
| describe a t-typical thoracic vertebrae cont. | -spinous process of T1-T4 and T10-T12 angle down less that T5-T9 -zygopophyseal joints of T-spine are best seen 70-75 to msp -intervertebral foramina are best seen in lateral projection(90 degrees to msp) |
| jugular notch is at what level | T2-T3 |
| sternal angle is at what level | T4-5 |
| xiphoid is at what level | T9-10 |
| which segment of vertebrae are the largest a strongest | lumbar(increase in size from 1st to 5th) |
| lunbar vertebrae occupy the ________ abdominal region | posterior |
| what are some features of the lumbar vertebrae | -smallest vertebral foramen -transverse process smaller that T-spine -large, thick and blunt spinous process -mammilary process=smooth rounded process on back of superior articular process -accessory process at back of root of transverse process |
| pars interarticularis | part of lamina between the superior and inferior articular process in T and L spine |
| zygopophyseal joints of Lspine are best seen at what angle | -upper lumbar 60 degrees -mid lumbar 45 degrees -lower lumbar 30 degrees -45 degrees is best for whole lumbar |
| intervertebral foramina of L1-L4 are at what angle from msp | 90 degree or at a right angle to msp |
| what are some characteristics of the 5th lumbar vertebrae | -deeper in front than behind -wedge shaped for better articulation with sacrum(disc between L5-S1 is also wedge shaped) -spinous process is shorter and smaller -transverse process is much thicker than upper lumbar vertebrae |
| intervertebral joint | between two vertebrae(cartilageonous) |
| defect or destruction of pars interarticularis | spondylolysis |
| spondololisthesis | slipping forward of one disc in front of another caused by spodylolysis |
| what level is the illiac crest at | L4-L5 |
| what level is the umbilicus | L3-L4 |
| what level is transpyloric plane | L1 |
| dura matter | outer strong fibrous tissue |
| arachnoid | cobb webby layer |
| subarachnoid space | space between arachnoid and pia |
| pia | innermost, transparent layer that adheres to brain and spinal cord |
| fusion | fused together |
| hemivertebra | half vertebrae |
| occulta and manifesta | forms of spina bifida(manifesta is more severe) |
| scaralization | 5th lumbar fuses to 1st sacral segment |
| lumbarization | 1st sacral segment doesnt fuse to rest of sacrum |
| sacrum is formed by __________ | fusion of sacral segments into curved, triangular bone |
| where is sacrum located | inferior to lumbar region and wedged between iliac bones of pelvis forming sacroiliac joints of each side |
| sacrum consist of what | -body -lateral masses -ala -base -lumbosacral junction -promontory -superior articular surface -apex -canal -sacral hiatus -foramina -cornu |
| promontory | protrudes out on front of sacrum |
| superior articular surface of sacrum | articulates with inferior articular process of L5 |
| canal of sacrum | continuation of spinal canal |
| sacral hiatus | end of sacral canal |
| cornu | two processes, one on each side of hitus |
| male sacrum | typically longer, narrower, more evenly curved and more vertical in position |
| female sacrum | typically more acutely curved;greatest curvature in th lower half of the sacrum; lies in a more oblique plane; sharper angle at the junction of the lumbar an pelvic curves |
| coccyx is triangular in shape and formed by what | fusion of three to five rudimentary vertebrae |
| coccyx curves__________ and __________ from articulation with sacrum | inferiorly and anteriorly |
| anatomic features of coccyx | -base -apex -cornu(process at base of coccyx) |
| coccyx is less anterior for males or females | females |
Created by:
bigad1982
Popular Radiology sets