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British History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Domestic farming & husbandry Raising plants and animals as food Wooden plow | Neolithic People |
| Stones from Wales 29 1/2 stones-some 9ft moon goes through cycle in 29 1/2 days | Stonehenge |
| c.600-c.2000 B.C. | Celtic Period |
| Used Bronze and Iron Weapons 600 BC Celts & Neolithic meet 200 BC Celts dominated England | Celtic Conquest |
| Unknown No central pantheon (group of gods) gods are localized no temples-worshiped in oak groves with mistletoe | Celtic Religion |
| Celtic priesthood that functioned as judge | Druids |
| Trading with continent and Mediterranean areas Expanding agriculture and mining Women important leaders | Celtic Life & Culture |
| Make war with other people | Iron Age |
| 55BC-Started picking fights with Celts Went over with 2 legions and found they can fight. Pushed back to river. He was almost defeated 54BC took 4 legions to defeat Celts...Won!! | Julius Caesar |
| 55 BC- AD 410 | Roman Period |
| AD 43-60 Celts in tribes Celtic Queen Boudicca-formed rebellion-defeated AD 60-things calmed down | Claudius |
| Farmer 78-84 Conquered midlands and N. England Expanded Romans | Governor Agricola |
| 674-781 | Northumbrian Renaissance |
| 673-735 bi-product of Northumbrian Ren. Monk-prolific author Father of English History Biblical commentaries Scientific works | Northumbrian Renaissance: Venerable Bede |
| 628-689 Founded 2 Monasteries: Jarrow and Wearmouth 5 trips to Rome from England purchased books for library | Benedict Biscop |
| Roman emperor who built a wall 8ft tall and wide | Hadrian |
| Anglo-Saxon Sources | Gildas Venerable Bede Procopius Anglo-Saxon Chronicle |
| Celt-British Churchman-sermons 3 parts Lament the fact the British have fallen away from God De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae Concerning Conquest of Britain | Gildas |
| Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum History of Church and People Father of English History Written after the fact | Anglo-Saxon Source:Venerable Bede |
| De Bello Gotthico War With Goths Concerned with E. Roman Empire What's happening in Britain is not his concern | Procopius |
| Series of manuscripts 6 mss written in Old English Wrote about what happened in that year not sure how reliable | Anglo-Saxon Chronicle |
| Celts invited Saxons to come to England to help protect them in exchange for some land. | First Settlement: British Invitation |
| British and Saxons Anglo-Saxons wanted land because they started getting comfortable | First Settlement: Quarrel |
| One doesn't rely primarily on God for salvation | Pelagianism |
| Not sure on details British defeated Anglo-Saxons | Battle of Mons Badonicus |
| Led British troops against Saxons in Battle of Mons Badonicus Source for King Arthur legends | Ambrosius Aurelianus |
| 50 yrs of peace Second wave of Saxon move-in series of British victories Most of England will be in the hands of Anglo-Saxons Celts now have to adapt to Saxon ways-speak Old English | Second Settlement: Saxon Victories |
| Angles or Angli: Central Peninsula Saxon or Saxones: Tip of P Jutes: Bottom of Peninsula | Divisions of Anglo-Saxons |
| Jutes: Frisians, Franks, Danes-French | Divisions of Anglo-Saxons: Modern Scholarship |
| 10 South of Humber River: Lindsey, E. Anglia, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, Kent, Mercia, M. Anglia, Hwicce, Magonsaeton 2 North of Humber River: Bernicia and Deira Northumbria: Bernicia and Deira combined | Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms: Confederations & Chieftains |
| Term used by Bede translated "Britain Ruler" | Bretwaldas |
| Wide/Broad Ruler | Brytenwealda |
| Aelle Ceawlin Aethelbeint Raedwaeld Edwin Oswiu Oswald | Seven Bretwaldas |
| Celtic people leaving England headed south to Brittany No major battles Celts never completely wiped out | Continued Battles against British |
| Surrey Hwicce Magonsaeton Lindsey Middle Anglia | Unification of England: Ending of Some Kingdoms |
| Kent Sussex Essex Wessex East Anglia Mercia Northumbria | Heptarchy (700)- Seven Kingdoms |
| First True English King Dominated Kent, Sussex, Essex, E. Anglia Threat of Danish invasions-smaller kingdoms looking for protection | Egbert of Wessex |
| Wessex Mercia Northumbria | Kingdoms by 823 |
| Earliest evidence of Bede According to Bede the Brits refused to convert A-S to Christianity Pagan A-S never converted Brits were being beaten up by A-S Bad rap to Brits from Bede | British Christianity |
| Not Irish-Welsh Slave escaped captured by Irish Father was priest Become priest himself Established Christianity in Ireland | Irish Christianity: St. Patrick |
| Established monastery northeast coast of England Lindisfarne Scottish Lindistarne sent missionaries back to the continent Bobbio-Italy | Irish Christianity: Aidan |
| Celtic mission brought Christianity to North England and continent Churches being founded-Irish flavor | Irish Christianity: Missions and Influence |
| Sent missionaries to England because he believed there was no Christianity in England | Roman Christianity: Pope Gregory |
| Archbishop of Canterbury Sent by Gregory to convert English Apprehensive Lands in Kent-goes to King Aethelberht Gets church from king Augustine converts King to Christianity Queen Bertha Christian | Roman Christianity: Augustine |
| Aethelberht's son not a Christian | Irish Christianity: Kentish Decline of Christianity |
| King is converted-Kingdom is converted doesn't mean subjects are converting Top to Down except for Irish they would move into an area and start preaching never grand sweep of Roman Christianity or Irish | Conversions |
| Council in Northumbria King Edwin-Irish Queen-Roman King calls clergy of Irish and Roman to decide which is right Decides for Roman Only affected Northumbrian court not entire country | Celtic vs. Roman Christianity Synod of Whitby |
| Archbishop Took place of Deusdedit Begins shift in A-S church Lower clergy-priest higher clergy-3 bishops for england | Theodore of Tarsus |
| New bishops Annual council-synod Roman model | Anglo-Saxon Church |
| A-S sent missionaries to Germanic speaking lands Frisia-Holland Thuringia-Germany Hesse-Germany | Continental Missions |
| Went to Frisia- Northwestern Europe Pope made him bishop on the move establish church and bishop lay ground work for Boniface | Willibrord |
| Followed Willibrord traveled to Hesse and Thuringia Made bishop by pope established Christianity martyrdom by Friscians | Boniface |
| Uncle Athelm Bishop of Winchester Restored proper clerical practices and lifestyles, renewing learning, reconstructing administration Archbishop of Canterbury | Dunstan of Canterbury |
| Abbot of Abingolon-Bishop of Winchester promoted programs of reform at W. practices of celibacy and austerity among priests and monks communal living | Aethelwold of Winchester |
| Set of rules for monastic practices | Regularis Concordia |
| Danish Monk and Priest from North England Trained by monks in Fleury promoted reform to some extent | Oswald of York |
| Both monastic and ecclesiastical spiritual and scholarly laity-provided instruction matters of faith, through sermons works were Old English rather than Latin benefit clergy and laity | Reform of Monastic |
| Restoration of monasticism in England Radiated outward from Canterbury, York and Winchester | Beginning of Monastic |
| Noble Council Not a good king-didn't take advice well Nickname-"Bad Council" Son of Edgar Killed at young age Reigned for 38 years | Aethelraed Unraed |
| No objections to him being King Fair, honored laws supportive of church Christianized ruler-baptized Went on pilgrimage to Rome-spoke with pope | Danish Rule: Cnut |
| Raids from Denmark 40 yrs of raiding parties Hitting churches Mostly in Northumbria Christianity Wanes Bishop of York-only bishop libraries destroyed, worship disrupted | Danish Invasions 793 |
| earldoms-Wessex, Mercia, Northumbria, East Anglia Brought in Earls Shires-County Cnut's son Harold Harefoot takes over Harthacnut King | Danish Rule: Divisions of England |
| Pious Son of Aethelraed More French than England Well-Liked Reign marked by tension-house of Godwin Edward's wife-daughter of Godwin | House of Wessex: Edward the Confessor |
| Count of Boulonge Men of Wessex attacked Boulonge men Count was offended-demanded Edward do something Edward demanded Godwin to take revenge Godwin refuses Edward and Godwin gather armies Earls refused to support Godwin Godwin exiled | House of Wessex: Civil War Averted |
| Appoints Normans to various church positions in England Bishop of London-head of English church Doesn't go over well with English viewed as intruders/foreigners Robert forced off throne | Edward's Ecclesiastical Appointments |
| Harold Godwinson Harold Hardrada William the Conqueror | Claimants to the Throne |
| Earl of Wessex Trustworthy Got along with Edward: sub-regulus Chosen by witan to be king | Harold Godwinson |
| Viking Connection to Cnut | Harold Hardrada |
| illegitimate child harsh, mean man | William the Conqueror |
| Jan 5, 1066 no heir on deathbed-in presence of Norman Lord Edward names Harold G. as King Witan recognize Edward's suggestion and make Harold G. King | Death of Edward |
| Harold Godwinson | Last Anglo-Saxon King |
| Harold G. Fights Harold H. | Battle at Stamford Bridge |
| Battle of Hastings: Willam and Harold H. Victory to William fought on horseback Normans defeated Anglo-Saxons | William's Invasion |
| West Saxon Kentish (Jutish) Anglian (Northumbrian and Mercian) | Dialects |
Created by:
jlow0118
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