Term 3 IP2-Unit 2 Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
| Question | Answer |
| What are the 4 prime factors of the x-ray beam? | Contrast, Density, Detail, Distortion |
| This is the sharpness of structural lines or minute details on the radiograph: | Detail |
| What are the 2 categories of radiographic detail? | 1) Visibility of detail 2) Geometric Detail |
| These are factors that can be seen but not necessarily measured: | Visibility of detail |
| These are factors that can be measured: | Geometric Detail |
| In digital radiography, the term is __________ when referring to radiographic detail. | Resolution |
| Anything that deviates from optimum technique will have what effect on visibility of detail? | Reduce visibility of detail |
| Increasing motion will have what effect on the visibility of detail? | Reduce |
| Increasing speed screen will have what effect on the visibility of detail? | Reduce |
| kVp or mA that is too high or too low will have what effect on the visibility of detail? | Reduce |
| What has the greatest effect on the reduction of detail? | Motion |
| Decreasing collimation is making the field size _____________, and __________ detail. | Larger; Reduces |
| What are 4 ways to reduce motion: | 1) Short exposure technique 2) Immobilization 3) Suspension of respiration 4) Communication |
| What is the MOST important way to reduce motion? | Communication |
| Geometric detail refers to what 2 radiographic properties? | Umbra & Penumbra |
| Image proper or true image is called: | Umbra |
| The light hazy area surrounding the true image is called: | Penumbra |
| Anything that increases penumbra does what to detail? | Reduces detail |
| What factors affect Geometric Detail? | SID, OID, FSS |
| Regarding Geometric Detail and the factors that affect it, what is the best factor settings to produce the greatest geometric detail? | Small FSS Long SID Short OID |
| Of the 3 factors that affect Geometric Detail, which factor affects Geometric Detail the most? | OID |
| What would increasing FSS do to penumbra? | Increase penumbra |
| Shorter SID's do what to penumbra? | Increase Penumbra |
| Extremities would tend to require a small or large FSS? | Small FSS |
| Typically, anytime the mAs is above 100 would require what type of focal spot size? | Large FSS |
| When mAs is 50 or below the focal spot size will be __________. | Small FSS |
| Certain situations may cause for an increase in OID, in these cases what can be done to reduce the negative effects of a larger OID? | Increase the SID |
| As mA is increased, what happens to the focal spot? | Blooming (bulging) of the focal spot |
| What is used to measure the focal spot size on focal spots larger than 0.3mm? | Pinhole Camera |
| What is used to measure the focal spot size on focal spots smaller than 0.3mm? | Star Pattern |
| What is the projection of an inclined line into a surface resulting in a smaller area? | Line Focus Principle |
| The advantage of the line focus principle gives the heat capacity of a _________ focal spot and the geometric _____________ of a _______ focal spot. | Large; Sharpness; Small |
| Which is larger, the effective focal spot or the actual focal spot? | Actual focal spot |
| This is the area projected onto the patient and the image receptor: | Effective focal spot |
| This is the area bombarded by electrons: | Actual focal spot |
| What is the average target angle? | 5 to 15 degrees |
| The smaller the angle, the ________ the effective focal spot. | Smaller |
| Small angle = _________ effective focal spot | Small Effective Focal Spot |
| What tool is used to measure the radiographic detail? | Line Pair Test Tool |
| SOD: _______ _______ ________ | Source to Object Distance |
| How can you calculate the SOD? | SOD = SID - OID |
| What is the calculation for penumbra? | FSS(width) X OID ÷ SOD |
| In calculating for penumbra, the smaller the number would equal what? | Greater detail |
| This is the misrepresentation of the true size and or shape of the object: | Distortion |
| What are the 2 types of distortion? | Size & Shape |
| True distortion is _________ distortion. | Size |
| False distortion is _________ distortion. | Shape |
| This is the misrepresentation of the true size of an object: | Size distortion |
| The width of the image is to (÷) the width of the object as the (=) distance of the image from the light source is to the distance of the object from the light source: | Law of magnification |
| Formula for Law of Magnification: | Image width ÷ Object width = SID ÷ SOD (I/O=I/O) |
| Decreasing _______ = increase in magnification | SID |
| This is the misrepresentation of the shape of an object: | Shape Distortion |
| Shape distortion is caused by misalignment of _________, _________, or __________. | Tube; Object; Film |
| The greater the distortion, the poorer the _______________. | Definition |
| Ideally, what should be parallel and what should be perpendicular? | Object and film parallel; Tube perpendicular to both object & film |
| What are the 2 types of shape distortion? | Foreshortening and Elongation |
| What is caused when the object is not parallel with the film? | Foreshortening |
| What causes elongation? | Tube Angulation |
| Increases in magnification results in increasing what? | OID |
| Distortion primarily occurs because subject anatomy is __________. | Inclined |
| How can distortion be corrected? | Proper patient positioning |
| To reduce magnification, reduce _____. | OID |
| Distortion of an x-ray image results from unequal ____________. | Magnification |
| How much larger will an image be if placed midway between the image receptor and the light source? | 2 times larger |
| A foreshortened image results from an __________ object. | Inclined |
| What effect does focal spot size have on the magnification factor? | None |
| What effect does collimation have on geometric factors? | None |
| What is MOST responsible for radiographic spacial resolution? | Focal Spot Size |
| To increase image sharpness use a _______ focal spot size. | Small |
| A relative lack of FSB would be ________ in detail. | Sharp |
| An IVP is routinely conducted with an anteroposterior projection to ________ the FSB of the kidneys. | Minimize |
| What principally controls geometric blur? | FSS |
| Best way to minimize FSB without affecting optical density is to use a very _______ focal spot. | Small |
| Another term for FSB is _________. | Penumbra |
| Imaging an object lateral to the central axis of the beam will cause FSB to be __________ on the __________ side. | Larger; Cathode |
| What can be increased to reduce FSB? | SID |
| When the focal spot is switched from large to small, penumbra will be _________. | Reduced |
| Image contrast is the product of image receptor contrast and ___________ contrast. | Subject |
| Spatial resolution is principally affected by what? | FSS |
| Ensuring good screen film contact will also ensure reduced __________. | Blur |
| Use of contrast media principally affects ____________ resolution. | Contrast |
| Increasing collimation results in improved ___________ resolution and patient dose. | Contrast |
| Geometric blur is most influenced by _____________ _______ _______. | Focal Spot Size |
| kVp does what to image blur? | Nothing |
| Direct exposure radiography is used for better ______________ resolution. | Spatial |
| Increasing grid ratio will have what affect on radiographic contrast? | Increase |
| When the mAs is adjusted to provide constant optical density after an increase in kVp, motion blur is reduced if the same _____ is used. Why? | mA; mAs is adjusted by reducing time (shorter exposure) which reduces blur (motion) |
| the ability of an imaging system to discriminate between two adjacent high-contrast objects. | Spatial resolution |
| When an object is present to one side of the central axis of the x-ray beam what will happen to subject contrast? | Nothing |
| When an object is to one side of the central axis of the x-ray beam, what will happen to magnification? | Nothing |
| What does kVp do for the visibility of detail? | Nothing |
| What will increasing mAs do for the visibility of detail? | Nothing |
Created by:
foster1317
Popular Radiology sets