Psychology ch. 7 Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
| Question | Answer |
| The mental processes involved in: acquiring, storing, retrieving and using information, Including sensation, perception, imagery, concept formation, reasoning, decision making, problem solving, and language. | Cognition |
| is the representation in the mind of a sensory experience | Imagery |
| believes we mentally construct the objects we image, one part at a time, somewhat like the digital camera | Stephen Kosslyn |
| are mental categories used to represent a class or group of objects, people, events, etc. | Concepts |
| Clearly defined by a set of rules, a formal definition or classification system | Formal Concepts |
| acquired not from a definition, but through everyday perceptions and experiences. | Natural Concepts |
| a category member that embodies the most common and typical features of a concept. | Prototype |
| The individual instances or examples of a concept that are stored in memory from personal experience. | Exemplars |
| a form of thinking in which conclusions are drawn from a set of facts. | Reasoning |
| Reasoning from the general to the specific, or drawing particular conclusions from general principles. (used to help you design a study) | Deductive Reasoning |
| Reasoning in which general conclusions are drawn from particular facts or individual cases.(Formulate hypothesis based on observations) | Inductive Reasoning |
| The process of consideration alternatives and choosing among them | Decision making |
| Boundaries or limitations around the decision making process prevent it from being entirely logical | Bounded Rationality |
| Decision making strategy in which alternatives are evaluated against criteria that are ranked according to importance. | Elimination by Aspects |
| A rule of thumb derived from experience and used in decision making and problem solving, despite no guarantee of accuracy | Heuristics |
| Rule stating that an event’s probability corresponds to the ease with which the event comes to mind | Availability Heuristic |
| Decision strategy based on how closely a new situation resembles a familiar one | Representative Heuristic |
| Strategy in which the decision process stops as soon as a factor that moves one toward a decision has been recognized. | Recognition Heuristic |
| is the way information is presented so as to emphasize either a potential gain or a potential loss. | Framing |
| rapidly formed judgments based of “gut feelings” or “instincts” | Intuition |
| using the thoughts and actions required to achieve a desired goal. | Problem Solving |
| a systematic, step-by-step procedure that guarantees a solution to a problem of a certain type if the algorithm is executed properly. | Algorithm |
| comparing a problem to others encountered in the past | Analogy Heuristic |
| a strategy of starting with the desired goal and working backwards to the current condition | Working backward |
| a strategy in which the current position is compared with the desired goal and a series of steps are formulated and taken to close the gap between them. | Means-end analysis |
| the failure to use familiar objects in novel ways to solve problems because of a tendency to view objects only in terms of their customary functions. | Functional fixedness |
| the tendency to apply a familiar strategy to solve a problem even though another approach might be better. | Mental Set |
| An individual’s ability to: Understand complex ideas, To adapt effectively to the environment, To lean form experience, To engage in various forms of reasoning, To overcome obstacles through mental effort | Intelligence |
| believed that intelligence is composed of a general ability, g factor, that underlies all intellectual functions. | Charles Spearman |
| rejected Spearman’s notion of g factor. | Louis Thurstone |
| proposed seven primary mental abilities: Verbal comprehension, Numerical ability, Spatial relations, Perceptual speed, Word fluency, Memory, Reasoning | Louis Thurstone |
| proposed that there are eight independent forms of intelligence | Howard Gardner |
| A combination of mental retardation and unusual talent or ability. | Savant Syndrome |
| analytical intelligence; measured by most intelligence tests | Componential Intelligence |
| Creative thinking and problem solving | Experiental Intelligence |
| Practice intelligence, common sense | Contextual Intelligence |
| the ability to apply knowledge about emotions to everyday life, including: awareness of one’s emotions, ability to manage emotions, self-motivation, empathy, and ability to handle relationships. | Emotional Intelligence |
| argue that emotional intelligence is just as important as the kind of intelligence measured in IQ tests. | Peter Salavey and David Pizarro |
| Measure what a person has learned up to a certain point in his or her life | Achievement tests |
| Predict future performance in a particular setting or on a specific task | Aptitude tests |
| Measure general intellectual ability | Intelligence test |
| Ability of a test to yield consistent results | Reliability |
| Ability to measure what it is intended to measure | Validity |
| Establishing norms for comparing the scores of people who will take the test in the future. Administering test using a prescribed procedure | Standardization |
| Developed the first intelligence test | Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon |
| Used a score called Mental age | Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale |
| Based on number of items a child got right compared with average number right by children of various ages. | Mental age |
| Devised the Intelligence quotient (IQ) | William Stern |
| Revised the Binet-Simon test | Lious Terman |
| Established norms, or age-based averages based on the scores of a large number of children. | Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale |
| Developed the first individual intelligence test for individuals over age 16 | David Wechsler |
| Also developed a widely-used test for children | Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) |
| Consists of 5 verbal and 10 nonverbal subtests | Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) |
| When large populations are measured on intelligence or on physical characteristics, a graph of the frequencies of all the test scores o results usually conforms to a bell-shaped distribution known as the? | Normal curve or bell curve |
| is the ability to produce original, appropriate, and valuable ideas and\or solutions to problems | Creativity |
| suggests that creativity involves divergent thinking | J.P. Guilford |
| The ability to produce multiple ideas or solutions to a problem for which there is no agreed-on solution. | Divergent thinking |
| four stages in the creative problem-solving process | 1.Preparation 2.Incubation----most important 3.Illumination 4.Translation |
| Characteristics of creative people | 1.Expertise 2.Openness to Experience 3.Independence of Mind 4.Intrinsic Motivation 5.Perseverance |
Created by:
Taylor Boyleston
Popular Psychology sets