Sociology ch. 7-14 Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
Violation of norms.	Deviance
The violation of norms written into law.	Crime
"Blemishes" that discredited a person's claim to a "normal" identity.	Stigma
A group's usual and customary social arrangements, on which its members depend on which they base their lives.	Social order
A group's formal and informal means of enforcing its norms.	Social control
An expression of disapproval for breaking a norm, ranging from a mild, informal reaction such as a frown to a formal reaction such as a prison sentence or an execution.	Negative sanction
A reward or positive reaction following norms, ranging from a smile to a material award.	Positive sanction.
Inborn tendencies.	Genetic predisposition
Crimes such as mugging, rape, and burglary.	Street crime
The view that personality disturbance of some sort causes an individual to violate social norms.	Personality disorders
Term to indicate that people who associate with some groups learn an "excess of definitions" of deviance, increasing likelihood that they will become deviant.	Differential association
The idea that two control systems-inner controls and outer controls work against our tendencies to deviate.	Control theory
A ritual whose goal is to reshape someone's self by stripping away that individual's self-identity and stamping a new identity in its place.	Degradation theory
The view that the labels people are given affect their own and others' perceptions of them, thus channeling their behavior into either deviance or conformity.	Labeling theory
Ways of thinking or rationalizing that help people deflect society's norms.	Techniques of neutralization
The objectives held out as legitimate or desirable for the members of a society to achieve.	Cultural goals
Approved ways of reaching cultural goals.	Institutionalized means
Robert Merton's term for the strain engendered when a society socializes large numbers of people to desire a cultural goal, but withholds from some the approved means of reaching that goal.	Strain theory
Opportunities for crimes that woven into the texture of life.	Illegitimate opportunity structure
Crimes committed by executives to benefit their corporation.	White-collar crime
The system of police, courts and prisons set up to deal with people who are accused of having committed a crime.	Criminal justice system
The proportion of released convicts who are rearrested.	Recidivism rate
The death penalty.	Capital punishment
The killing of several victims in three or more separate events.	Serial murder
A crime that is punished more severely because it is motivated by hatred.	Hate crime
The practice of the police, in the normal course of their duties, to either arrest or ticket someone for an offense or to over look the matter.	Police discretion
To make deviance a medical matter, a symptom of some underlying illness that needs to be treated by physicians.	Medicalization deviance
Using rules,efficiency, and practical results to determine human affairs.	Rationality
A society in which the past is thought to be the best guide for the present; characterize tribal, peasant, and feudal societies.	Tradition society
A widespread acceptance of rationality and social organization that are built largely around this idea.	The rationalization of society
An economic system characterized by the private ownership of the means of production, the pursuit of profit, and market competition.	Capitalism
A secondary group designed to achieve explicit objectives.	Formal organizations
A formal organization with a hierarchy of authority and a clear division of labor; emphasis on impersonal rules, communications and records.	Bureaucracy
The process by which ordinary aspects of life are rationalized and efficiency comes to rule them, including such things as food preparation.	The McDonaldization of society
Marx's term for workers' lack of connection to the product of their labor; caused by their being assigned repetitive tasks on a small part of a product, which leads to a sense of powerlessness and normlessness.	Alienation
A tongue-in-cheek observation that the members of an organization are promoted for their accomplishments until they reach their level of incompetence; there they cease to be promoted, remaining at the level at which they can no longer do good work.	Peter principal
An organization replacing old goals with new ones; also known as goal replacement.	Goal displacement
Robert Michel's term for the tendency of formal organization to be dominated by a small, self-perpetuating elite.	The iron law of oligarchy
Organizing a workplace in such a way that it develops rather than impedes human potential.	Humanizing a work setting
The division of larger numbers of people into layers according to their relative property, power, and prestige; applies to both nations and to people within a nation, society, or other group.	Social satisfaction
A form of social stratification in which some people own other people.	Slavery
A contractual system in which someone sells his or her body (services) for a specific period of time in an arrangement very close to slavery, except that it is entered into voluntarily.	Bonded labor (indentured service)
Beliefs about the way things ought to be that justify social arrangements.	Ideology
a form of social stratification in which people's statues are determined by birth and are lifelong.	Case system
The practice of marrying within one's own group.	Endogamy
The enforced separation of racial-ethnic groups as was practiced in South Africa.	Apartheid
The stratification system of medieval Europe, consisting of three groups or estates, the nobility, clergy, and commoners.	Estate stratification system
A form of social stratification based primarily on the possession of money or material possessions.	Class system
Movement up or down the social class ladder.	Social mobility
The tools, factories, land, and investment capital used to produce wealth.	Means of production
Marx's term for capitalists, those who own the means of production.	Bourgeoisie
Marx's term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own the means of production.	Proletariat
Marx's term for awareness of a common identity based on one's position in the means of production.	Class consciousness
Marx's term to refer to worker's identifying with the interest of capitalists.	False class consciousness
A form of social stratification in which all positions are awarded on the the basis of merit.	Meritocracy
The idea that the king's authority comes from God; in an interesting gender bender; also applies to queens.	Divine right of kings.
Capitalism (investing to make profits within a rational system) becoming the globe's dominant economic system.	Globalization of capitalism
A way of life that perpetuates poverty from one generation to the next.	Culture of poverty
The economic and political dominance of the Least Industrialization Nations by the Most Industrialized Nations.	Neocolonialism
Companies that operates across national boundaries; also called transnational corporations.	Multinational corporation

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