Validity scale Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
What does MMPI-2 stand for	Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2)
Who created the MMPI	1939 Original work initiated on MMPI by Starke Hathaway and J.C. McKinley
When was the MMPI published	MMPI published in 1943 (550 items)
When was the MMPI-2 published	1989 Publication of MMPI-2
Why Did Items Need to Be Changed/Updated?	Non-representative norms based on 724 Minnesota Normals in the 1930’s (average person was 35 years old, married with 8th grade educational level); 221 psychiatric patients (w/questionable diagnoses) What else was wrong with the first MMPI
Normative Sample MMPI-2	Better nationwide sample (but excluded the deep south), 2600 persons from 7 states (1,138 men and 1462 women), More diverse minority samples include, Special effort to include couples.
MMPI-2 matched which census	Matched to US 1980 census, but too few Asians, Hispanics & upward skew of income, education, occupation (better functioning), More Native Americans than in census.
MMPI-2 uses what type of scores	Uniform T-scores (instead of linear T-Scores) produce same range, % rank, and distribution and were used for all MMPI-2 validity and clinical scales (goal is to to make them comparable)
How was the MMPI-2 skewed	Positive skew for scales since the sample was largely normal (clustered at the low or non-pathological end)
How many items does the MMPI-2 contain	Contains 567 items
How many items are on the MMPI-2 abbreviated version and why	370 for abbreviated protocol (all validity and clinical scales), Only if person can’t take it (i.e. nervous breakdown, panic attack)
What grade level is it written at	Written around the 6th grade reading level (do a reading test before; i.e. WRAT)
What types of answers are allowed	True and False Answers only (can leave blank) (blank questions may indicate something)
How many validity scales	7 validity scales- ?, L,F, K, F, (B)Back Page F, TRIN, & VRIN
How many clinical scales	8 clinical scales (symptom data)
What age group is MMPI-2 for	MMPI-2 is for adults 18+
MMPI-2 Abbreviated version is first ? items	370 items of the test
MMPI-RF is	new short form version (2007)- contains 338 items
Six primary validity scales on the MMPI-2	? Cannot say, VRIN = Variable Response Inconsistency Scale, TRIN = True Response Inconsistency Scale, L = Lie Scale (pretending to be more virtuous), K = Defensiveness Scale (resisting to answer), F = Infrequency Scale (appearing more pathological then tr
Types of Abnormal Approaches to the MMPI-2	MUST RULE THESE OUT TO BE VALID 1) Random Responding 2) Yea Saying (80% true responding; acquiescence) 3) Ney Saying (false responding; nonacquiescence) 4) Fake good (defensiveness, no problems at all) 5) Fake bad (exaggeration of symptoms)
Steps in MMPI-2 Interpretation per Manual	1) Evaluate acceptability/validity of the protocol 2) Examine Clinical scales for information on symptoms and personality traits 3) Examine Harris-Lingoes subscale scores to determine what components are contributing to the clinical scale elevations 4)
Cannot Say (?) Score	# of items not responded to (items left blank) What is the reason for this? If ? ≥ 30 invalid 11-29 examine for patterns on specific scales (10% rule for missing items) If ? 0-10 probably valid, look at items Try to get client to go back and answer i
Variable Response Inconsistency Scale (VRIN)	Compares responses on 67 items pairs that have similar or opposite content Answer consistently on both, if not then 1 point is added to the VRIN score VRIN is a measure of consistency of responses (gets people who randomly answer)
VRIN is invalid at	≥ 80 Invalid test; totally random response set (T = 96)
VRIN 65-79	- some inconsistency, interpret with caution, carelessness probable on test
TRIN is comprised of	23 pairs of items that are opposite in content. If the persons answers T or F to both items, then a point is added to TRIN.
The “T” or “F” after the T score shows	the direction of responding
TRIN ≥ 80T is	invalid- yea saying
TRIN ≥ 80F is	invalid- ney saying
Lie Scale (L)	15 items – unsophisticated attempt to present self in positive light (obvious faking good)
(L) Items reflect	minor faults and flaws in character that most people will readily admit
(L) items are scored	in the all false direction
High (L) scores	rigid, naively defensive, want to be socially acceptable
Lie scores ≥ 80	are invalid, faking good (examine TRIN as well to determine if ney saying or a faking good profile) if L goes up, check TRIN
Lie scores less than 64	are valid in clinical samples
Assessment situation	can affect L scores- custody evaluations where these biases are expected; higher in clergy members
High L scores may reflect	fear of responding honestly or attempts to present a positive impression
Higher (L) in job evaluations	which do not require a college education
If L score are elevated in highly	educated and intelligent persons then pay special attention
Less educated persons	have higher L scores in general
Correction (K) Scale	To detect levels of defensiveness or denial of problems- minimization of problems
(K) is __ whereas (L) is __	Subtle defensiveness (L is more overt, naïve, rigid)
High K scores are persons	who are unlikely to admit to psychological problems (suppression effect on some clinical scales)
(K) All items, but one	(#83) keyed in the false direction (so if saying no, then denying)
How many items does (K) have	30 items
Variety of content areas for (K)	hostility, family dissent, lack of self-confidence
K needs to be interpreted in the context of what	TRIN
If K ≥ 65+	profile may be invalid; check TRIN. If TRIN is 80F+ then the person “ney-sayed” for the test and it is invalid. If TRIN is normal, then the person adopted a defensive profile on the test; faking good profile; overly defensive attitude toward problems
If K ≤ 40T (very low K scores)	the person may have attempted to fake bad
Low K scores →If TRIN is ≥ 80T+	then the person “yea-sayed” for the test and it is invalid Low K scores →If TRIN is normal
A very low K score can	invalidate the MMPI-2
Superlative Self-Presentation Scale (S) Developed by	Butcher and Han (1995)
(S) Items discriminate	extremely defensive clients (airline pilot applicants) from normals - 50 items total
(S) correlates with which other validity scale	S and K are correlated, but K is confined to the first 370 items while S is spread out over the entire test
(S) is mostly Keyed in which direction	the false direction and thus, interpret with TRIN F scores
In clinical settings, S scores ≥ 70	may be invalid
High (S) score →If TRIN F is ≥ 80, then the person tended to ney say on the test
High (S) score →If TRIN is normal, the person adopted a defensive and positive impression management approach to the test
Three reasons why persons show elevated infrequency scores (F)	1) Random/fixed responses 2) Accurate description of acute pathology 3) Faking bad profile
Infrequency Scale (F)	Designed to detect deviant response style (responding to pathology that are not there)
(F) items are based on what content	Items are pathology based in content
(F) Questions that were answered	< 10% of the original MMPI normative sample were included in the F scale. People never tend to endorse
How many items does (F) have	60 items- positively correlated with 6 (Pa) & 8 (Sc), so as F rises, these scales rise as well. One flaw= F and psychotic scales correlate highly
(F) Minorities score how many points higher	3 to 5 T score pts. higher
F items overlap with what items	psychoticism items from the MMPI-2
F has separate cut off scores	for different groups.
F ≥ 100+	in inpatient clinical samples may be invalid
F 80 - 99	possible exaggeration of problems; cry for help
F 55 - 79	Distress present but honest
F ≤ 54	May be defensive
Some research has stated that F = 90 is	the optimal cut-score for determining faking bad (over 90) from reporting actual pathology (under 90)
F scores of ≥ 90	may be invalid for outpatient samples
F scores of ≥ 80	for non-clinical samples may also be invalid.
(F) For both clinical and non-clinical samples	you must determine the reason for the elevation
Back Infrequency Scale (Fb)	Reveals someone who responded invalidly to the second half of the test (all F items are in the first 361 items); abbreviated version is 370
Fb items in the last 206 items (# 281 – 555) Changes in the test taking approach on the last part of the test If F is valid, but not Fb is invalid	you can interpret standard clinical scales, but not supplemental or content scales
F and Fb are not directly comparable scales due to	differences in the lower number of Fb items
F has more what type of items vs. Fb	F is more psychoticism type items and Fb is more emotional distress items
For clinical persons, if Fb ≥ 110 and is at least 30 points higher than F	the person approached the last part of the test in an inappropriate manner; interpret clinical scales only
In non-clinical settings, Fb ≥ 90 and is at least 30 T points higher than F	interpret clinical scales only
Fp was developed by who	Arbisi and Ben-Porath using 27 items that were endorsed by less than 20% of normals and persons in inpatient hospitals. So if you DO endorse them when even patients do not, then you are exaggerating
Fp items that not even…	that not even normals and psychiatric patients endorsed
Main value of Fp	is determining if the person is exaggerating or reporting actual pathology
In clinical and non-clinical samples, Fp scores ≥ 100+	may be invalid
Some authors use Fp ≥ 75	as invalid (Nichols)
If Fp is elevated	check TRIN and VRIN and if over 80+ the person responded randomly or in a fixed manner to the test - invalid profile
Fp	If TRIN and VRIN are normal, and if Fp is ≥ 100+ the person is faking bad, Attempt to appear more disturbed than they actually are in real life
Fp, F, and Fb should be	elevated as well in faking bad profiles

Created by: kxiong