Cicarelli Chapter 14 Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
is the study of abnormal behavior	Psychopatholog
In ancient times holes were cut in an ill person’s head to let out evil spirits in a process called	trepanning
believed that mental illness came from an imbalance in the body’s four humors.	Hippocrates
In the Middle Ages the mentally ill were labeled as	witches
can be defined as behavior that is statistically rare or occurs infrequently	Abnormal behavior
can be defined as deviant from social norms (doesn’t follow social rules)	Abnormal behavior
may causes subjective discomfort. The individual is uncomfortable with their own thoughts, feelings, or behaviors.	Abnormal behavior
may not allow normal, day-to-day functioning due to impairment. may cause a person to be dangerous to self or others.	Abnormal behavior
Any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes harm to others, or harms their ability to function in daily life is called ________.	Psychological disorder
Mental illness does not equate to insane, T or F	True
insanity includes the inability to know right from wrong	False
models of abnormality may see mental illnesses as caused by chemical imbalances in the brain, also consider possible structural malfunctions out in the nervous system, primarily within the brain.	Biological models
assume that abnormal behavior stems from repressed conflicts and urges that are fighting to surface to consciousness	Psychoanalytic model
see abnormal behavior as learned through classical conditioning, reinforcement, punishment or modeling.	Behaviorists
see abnormal behavior as coming from irrational beliefs and illogical patterns of thought.	Cognitive theorists
Psychoanalytic model, Behaviorists,Cognitive	Biopsychosocial Perspective
describes about 250 different psychological disorders	The DSM-IV-TR
How many axis or categories in a DSM-IV-TR?	5
The axis focused on clinical disorders and other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention.	Axis 1
The axis focused on Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation	Axis 2
The axis focused on General Medical Conditions	Axis 3
The axis focused on Psychosocial and Environmental Problems	Axis 4
The axis focused on Global Assessment of Functioning	Axis 5
What percent of adults over the age of 18 suffer from a mental disorder.	22
is one of the most common psychological disorders worldwide.	Major depression
Intruding thoughts that occur again and again are called ________. Repetitive, ritualistic behaviors are called ________.	obsessions; compulsions
dominant symptom is excessive and unrealistic	Anxiety disorders
When Fears Get Out of Hand	Phobic Disorders
are irrational, persistent fears	Phobias
intense fear of social interactions/situation	social phobias
intense fear of a specific stimulus	specific phobias
fear of leaving home (fear of open spaces)	agoraphobia
obsession - recurring thought that creates anxiety	Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
ritualistic and repetitive behavior that reduces that anxiety caused by the obsessive thought	compulsion
is the sudden and recurrent onset of intense panic for no reason, with all the physical symptoms that can occur in sympathetic nervous system arousal	Panic Disorder
occur which result from the overactive nervous system	Panic Attacks
is a condition of intense and unrealistic anxiety that lasts six months or more	Generalized Anxiety Disorder
explanations point to repressed urges and desires that are trying to come into conscious, creating anxiety that is controlled by the abnormal behavior	Psychoanalytical Disorders
Behaviorist explain that disordered behavior is learned through both	positive and negative reinforcement.
Cognitive psychologists believe that excessive anxiety comes from	illogical, irrational thought processes
of anxiety disorders include chemical imbalances in the nervous system, in particular serotonin and GABA systems	Biological explanations
may be responsible for anxiety disorders among related persons	Genetic transmission
Phobic disorder is	an anxiety disorder
disorders that take the form of bodily illnesses and symptoms but for which there are no real physical disorders.	Somatoform disorders
disorder in which psychological stress causes a real physical disorder or illness.	Psychosomatic disorder
modern term for psychosomatic disorder.	Psychophysiological disorder
somatoform disorder in which the person is terrified of being sick and worries constantly, going to doctors repeatedly, and becoming preoccupied with every sensation of the body	Hypochondriasis
somatoform disorder in which the person dramatically complains of a specific symptom such as nausea, difficulty swallowing, or pain for which there is no real physical cause	Somatization Disorder
somatoform disorder in which the person experiences a specific symptom in the somatic nervous system’s functioning, such as paralysis, numbness, or blindness, for which there is no physical cause	Conversion Disorder
Psychoanalytic explanations of somatoform disorders assume that	anxiety is turned into a physical symptom.
point to the negative reinforcement experienced when the “ill” person escapes unpleasant situations such as combat.	Behavioral explanations of somatoform disorders
assume that people magnify their physical symptoms and normal bodily changes into ailments out of irrational fear.	Cognotive explanations of somatoform disorders
involve a break in consciousness, memory, or both.	Dissociative disorders
Who Am I and How Did I Get Here? o traveling away from familiar surroundings with amnesia for the trip and possible amnesia for personal information.	Dissociative Fugue
How Many Am I? o disorder occurring when a person seems to have two or more distinct personalities within one body.	Dissociative Identity Disorder:
point to repression of memories, seeing dissociation as a defense mechanism against anxiety.	Causes of Dissociative Disorders o Psychoanalytic explanations
see dissociative disorders as a kind of avoidance learning.	Causes of Dissociative Disorders cognotive, and behavior point of view
point to lower than normal activity levels in the areas responsible for body awareness in people with dissociative disorders. *	Causes of Dissociative Disorders, biological point of view
in psychology, an emotional reaction	Affect
a moderate depression that lasts for two years or more and is typically a reaction to some external stressor.	dysthymia
disorder that consists of mood swings from moderate depression to hypomania and lasts two years or more.	cyclothymia
has a sudden onset and is extreme sadness and despair, typically with no obvious external cause.	Major Depression
Major Depression is the most common of the mood disorders and is twice as common in women as in men. T or F	True
having the quality of excessive excitement, energy, and elation or irritability.	Manic
are severe mood swings from major depressive episodes to manic episodes of extreme elation and energy, with no obvious external cause.	Bipolar
see depression as anger at authority figures from childhood turned inward on the self. o	Psychoanalytic theories
see depression as the result of distorted, illogical thinking.	Cognitive theories
explanations of mood disorders look at the function of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine systems in the brain.	Biological
are more likely to appear in genetically related people, with higher rates of risk for closer genetic relatives.	Mood disorders
is a form of depression that is related to low levels of exposure to light during the winter months.	Seasonal Affect Disorder
are false beliefs in which people are convinced that they are powerful enough to save the world.	Delusions of grandeur
is a split between thoughts, emotions, and behavior. It is a long-lasting psychotic disorder in which reality and fantasy become confused	Schizophrenia
symptoms of schizophrenia that are excesses of behavior or occur in addition to normal behavior; hallucinations, delusions, and distorted thinking	positive symptoms
- false beliefs held by a person who refuses to accept evidence of their falseness.	delusions
in which people believe that others are trying to hurt them in some way	delusions of persecution
in which people believe that other people, television characters, and even books are specifically talking to them	delusions of reference
in which people believe that they are being controlled by external forces, such as the devil, aliens, or cosmic forces;	delusions of influence
in which people are convinced that they are powerful people who can save the world or have a special mission.	delusions of grandeur
a psychotic disorder in which the primary symptom is one or more delusions(may or may not be schizophrenia)	delusional disorder
false sensory perceptions, such as hearing voices that do not really exist.	hallucinations
symptoms of schizophrenia that are less than normal behavior or an absence of normal behavior; poor attention, flat affect, and poor speech production.	Negative symptoms
a lack of emotional responsiveness	Flat affect
behavior is bizarre and childish and thinking, speech, and motor actions are very disordered.	disorganized
the person experiences periods of statue-like immobility mixed with occasional bursts of energetic, frantic movement and talking.	catatonic
the person suffers from delusions of persecution, grandeur, and jealousy, together with hallucinations.	paranoid
the person shows no particular pattern, shift from one pattern to another, and cannot be neatly classified as disorganized, paranoid, or catatonic. o residual - there are no delusions and hallucinations, but the person still experiences negative thoughts	undifferentiated
Drugs used to treat schizophrenia decrease the activity of	Dopamine
prefrontal cortex (an area of the brain involved in planning and organization of information) of people with schizophrenia has been shown to produce lower levels of ______ than normal.	Dopamine
explanation of disorder that assumes a biological sensitivity, or vulnerability, to a certain disorder will develop under the right conditions of environmental or emotional stress. Genetic predisposition creates physical risk for schizophrenia when suffic	Stress Vulnerability Model
see schizophrenia as resulting from a severe breakdown of the ego, which has become overwhelmed by the demands of the id and results in childish, infantile behavio	Psychoanalytic theories
on how reinforcement, observational learning, and shaping affect the development of the behavioral symptoms of schizophrenia	Behaviorists focus
see schizophrenia as severe irrational thinking	Cognitive theorist
explanations focus on dopamine, structural defects in the brain, and genetic influences in schizophrenia	Biological
Rates of risk of developing schizophrenia increase drastically a	genetic relatedness increases
the highest risk faced by an identical twin whose twin sibling has	schizophrenia.
extreme suspicion and often jealous	Paranoid:
loners who are cool, distant, and unwilling and unable to form close relationships with others	Schizoid:
difficulty forming social relationships due to odd and eccentric behavior and often majical beliefs.	Schizotypal:
Type in which a person has no conscience and uses people for personal gain. A rare form is the serial killer.	Antisocial Personality Disorder
Type in which a person is clingy, moody, unstable in relationships, and suffers from problems with identity.	Borderline Personality Disorder
overreact and excessive emotion to draw attention to themselves and manipulate others	Histrionic
vain and self-involved	Narcissistic:
fearful of social relationships	Avoidant
needy, clingy, hard time making decisions for themselves	Dependent:
controlling, focused on neatness and order to an extreme degree	Obsessive-compulsive

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