Med. Term. Ch2 Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
used to describe the locations of the structural units of the body	anatomic reference systems
study of the structures of the body	anatomy
study of the functions of the structures of the body	physiology
describes the body assuming that the individual is standing in the standard position	anatomic position
imaginary vertical and horizontal lines used to divide the body into sections for descriptive purposes; these planes are aligned to a body standing in the anatomic position	body planes
an up-and-down plane that is a right angle to the horizon	vertical plane
also known as the midline, is the sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves	midsagittal plane
vertical plane that divides the body into unequal left and right portions	sagittal plane
vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions; also known as the coronal plane	frontal plane
flat crosswise plane, such as the horizon	horizontal plane
a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions; it can be at the waist or at any other level across the body	transverse plane
refers to the front, or belly side, of the organ or body	ventral
means belly side of the body	ventr
refers to the back of the organ or body	dorsal
means back of the body	dors
means situated in the front; it also means on the front or forward part of an organ	anterior
means front or before	anter
means pertaining to	-ior
true of false: the stomach is located anterior to (in front of) the pancreas	true
means situated in the back; it also means on the back part of an organ	posterior
means back or toward the back	poster
true or false: the pancreas is located posterior to (behind the stomach)	true
means uppermost, above, or toward the head	superior
are the lungs located SUPERIOR to (above) or INFERIOR to (below) the diaphragm?	superior
means lowermost, below, or toward the feet	inferior
true or false: the stomach is located inferior to (below) the diaphragm	inferior
what is the opposite of ANTERIOR?	posterior
what is the opposite of SUPERIOR?	inferior
means toward the head	cephalic
means head	cephal
what is the opposite of CEPHALIC?	caudal
means toward the lower part of the body	caudal
means tail or lower part of the body	caud
means situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure	proximal
what is the opposite of DISTAL?	proximal
means situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure	distal
means the direction toward, or nearer, the midline	medial
what is the opposite of MEDIAL?	lateral
means the direction toward or nearer the side and away from the midline	lateral
means relating to, or having, two sides	bilateral
spaces within the body that contain and protect internal organs	body cavities
what are the two major body cavities?	the dorsal and the ventral cavities
located along the back of the body and head, contains organs of the nervous system that coordinate body functions and is divided into two portions	dorsal cavity
located within the skull, surrounds and protects the brain	cranial cavity
means pertaining to the skull	cranial
located within the spinal column, surrounds and protects the spinal cord	spinal cavity
what are the two portions of the dorsal cavity?	cranial cavity and spinal cavity
located along the front of the body, contains the body organs that maintain homeostasis	ventral cavity
the process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment	homeostasis
means constant	home/o
means control	-stasis
surrounds and protects the heart and lungs, also known as the chest cavity or thorax	thoracic cavity
a muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities	diaphragm
contains primarily the major organs of digestion	abdominal cavity
the space formed by the hip bones and it contains primarily the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems	pelvic cavity
this term refers the the abdominal and pelvis cavities as a single unit	abdominopelvic cavity
true or false: there is no physical division between teh abdominal and pelvic cavity	true
means relating to the groin, refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen	inguinal
the crease at the junction of the trunk with the upper end of the thigh	groin
are located on the left and right sides of the body and are covered by the lower ribs	hypochondriac regions
means below	hypo-
means cartilage	chondr/i
means below the ribs; it can also be used to describe an individual with an abnormal concern about his or her health	hypochondriac
located above the stomach	epigastric region
means above	epi-
located on the left and right sides near the inward curve of the spine	lumbar regions
means lower back	lumb
describes the part of the back between the ribs and the pelvis	lumbar
surrounds the umbilicus which is commonly known as the belly button or navel	umbilical region
the belly button or navel	umbilicus
located on the left and right sides over the hip bones; named for the wide portion of the hip bone	iliac regions
means hip bone	ili
located below the stomach	hypogastric region
this term means divided in four	quadrant
is multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity	peritoneum
a thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space or organ	membrane
the outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall	parietal peritoneum
means cavity wall	parietal
the inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity	visceral peritoneum
means relating to the internal organs	visceral
a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall	mesentery
means located behind the peritoneum	retroperitoneal
means behind	retro-
means peritoneum	periton
-eal	means pertaining to
true or false: the location of the kidneys is retroperitoneal with one on each side of the spinal column	true
inflammation of the peritoneum	peritonitis
means peritoneum	periton
the basic structural and functional units of the body	cells
is the study of the anatomy, physiology, pathology, and chemistry of the cell	cytology
the tissue that surrounds and protects the contents of the cell by separating them from its external environment	cell membrane
the material within the cell membrane that is NOT part of the nucleus	cytoplasm
means formative material of cells	-plasm
this is surrounded by the nuclear membrane, is a structure within the cell that has two important functions: 1) it controls the activities of the cell, and 2) it helps the cell divide	nucleus
are unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division	stem cells
undifferentiated cells found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ, also known as somatic stem cells	adult stem cells
means not having a specialized function or structure	undifferentiated
means having a specialized function or structure	differentiated
undifferentiated cells that are unlike any specific adult cell; however, they have the important ability to form ANY adult cell	embryonic stem cells
a fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity	gene
the study of how genes are transferred from parents to their children and the role of genes in health and disease	genetics
means producing	gene
-tics	pertaining to
a specialist in the field of genetics	geneticist
inherited from either parent, the offspring WILL inherit that genetic condition or characteristic	dominant gene
inherited from both parents, the offspring WILL HAVE that condition	recessive
true or false: freckles are a physical trait that is recessive	FALSE! freckles are DOMINANT
true or false: sickle cell anemia is a group of inherited red blood cell disorders that are transmitted by a recessive gene	true
the complete set of genetic information of an individual	genome
the genetic structures located within the nucleus of each cell	chromosomes
any cell in the body except the gametes	somatic cell
means pertaining to the body in general	somatic
somatic cells contain __ chromosomes arranged into __ pairs.	46 and 23
the only type of cell that DOES NOT contain 46 chromosomes, also known as a gamete	sex cell
the abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid	DNA
a shape twisted like a spiral staircase	helix
consists of two of these strands twisted together	double helix
a change of the sequence of a DNA molecule	genetic mutation
a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene, also known as a hereditary disorder	genetic disorder
a genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive systems	Cystic fibrosis (CF)
a genetic variation that is associated with characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, and physical abnormalities such as heart valve disease	Down syndrome (DS)
a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing; this blood coagulation disorder is characterized by spontaneous hemorrhages or severe bleeding following an injury	Hemophilia
this condition causes nerve degeneration with symptoms that most often appear in midlife; this damage eventually results in uncontrolled movements and the loss of some mental abilities	Huntington's disease (HD)
a genetic disorder that is passed form parent to child; each child of a parent with the gene for this disease has a 50-50 chance of inheriting this defective gene	Huntington's disease (HD)
means worsening condition	degeneration
the term used to describe a group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement	Muscular dystrophy
a genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing, also known as PKU	Phenylketonuria (PKU)
this genetic disorder can be detected by a blood test performed on infants at birth; with careful dietary supervision, children born with this genetic disorder can lead normal lives, without detection and treatment, this causes severe mental retardation	Phenylketonuria (PKU)
a fatal genetic disorder in which harmful quantities of a fatty substance build up in tissues and nerve cells in the brain; both parents must carry the mutated gene in order to have an affected child	Tay-Sachs disease
the most common form of the disease affects babies who appear healthy at birth and seem to develop normally for the first few months	Tay-Sachs disease
after seeming healthy at birth, development then slows and a relentless deterioration of mental and physical abilities results in progressive blindness, paralysis, & early death	Tay-Sachs disease
a group or layer of similarly specialized cells that join together to perform certain specific functions	tissue
epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve are all types of what?	tissue
the study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues	histology
means tissue	hist
a specialist in the study of the organization of tissues at all levels	histologist
form a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body; these tissues also form glands	epithelial tissues
the specialized epithelial tissue that forms the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous membranes	epithelium
the outer layer of the skin	epidermis
is the specialized epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands, and organs	endothelium
support and connect organs and other body tissues	connective tissues
dense, adipose, loose, and liquid are types of what?	connective tissues
such as bone and cartilage, form the joints and framework of the body	dense connective tissues
provides protective padding, insulation, and support, also known as fat	adipose tissue
means fat	adip
-ose	means pertaining to
surrounds various organs and supports both nerve cells and blood vessels	loose connective tissue
which are blood and lymph, transport nutrients and waste products throughout the body	liquid connective tissues
contains cells with the specialized ability to contract and relax	muscle tissue
contains cells with the specialized ability to react to stimuli and to conduct electrical impulses	nerve tissue
the defective development, or the congenital absence, of an organ or tissue	aplasia
means without	a-
means formation	-plasia
the incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells	hypoplasia
means deficient	hypo-
is a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other; this abnormal cell development is characteristic of tumor formation in cancers	anaplasia
abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs	dysplasia
means excessive	ana-
means bad	dys-
a general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, or cells in the tissues; this enlargement is not due to tumor formation	hypertrophy
means excessive	hyper-
means development	-trophy
a group of specialized epithelial cells that are capable of producing secretions	gland
the substance produced by a gland	secretion
what are the two major types of glands?	exocrine and endocrine glands
such as sweat glands, secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body	exocrine glands
means out of	exo-
means to secrete	-crine
produce hormones, do not have ducts; these hormones are secreted directly into the bloodstream, which are then transported to organs and structures throughout the body	endocrine glands
the inflammation of a gland	adenitis
means gland	aden
a malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue	adenocarcinoma
means gland	aden/o
means cancerous	carcin
means tumor	-oma
the abnormal softening of a gland	adenomalacia
any disease condition of a gland	adenosis
the abnormal hardening of a gland	adenosclerosis
the surgical removal of a gland	adenectomy
a somewhat independent part of the body that performs a specific function	organ
the study of the nature and cause of disease that involves changes in structure and function	pathology
path/o and -pathy mean what?	disease
specializes in the laboratory analysis of tissue samples to conform or establish a diagnosis	pathologist
means after death	postmortem
a postmortem examination is also know as what?	autopsy
study of the causes of diseases	etiology
means cause	eti-
a disease-producig microorganism such as a virus	pathogen
the spread of disease	transmission
means that a pathogen is possibly present	contamination
any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either by direct or by indirect contact with contaminated objects, also known a a contagious disease	communicable disease
means capable of being transmitted	communicable
refers to situations in which a susceptible person is infected by contact with a contaminated surface	indirect contact transmission
the spread of a disease trough contact with blood or other body fluids that are contaminated with blood; examples: HIV, Hepatitis B, and most STDs	bloodborne transmission
occurs through contact with contaminated respiratory droplets spread by a cough or sneeze; examples: TB, flu, colds, and measles	airborne transmission
caused by eating or drinking contaminated food or water that has not been properly treated to remove contamination or kill pathogens that are present, also known as fecal-oral transmission	food-borne and waterborne transmisson
spread of certain disease due to the bite of a vector (insects or animals)	vector-borne transmission
a specialist in the study of outbreaks of disease within a population group	epidemiologist
epi-	means above
dem	means population
a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area; for example: a sudden widespread outbreak of measles	EPIdemic
refers to the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area; for example: the common cold	ENdemic
refers to an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide	PANdemic
means within	en-
means entire	pan-
produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified; for example: a panic attack	functional disorder
an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment; for example: severe burns resulting from radiation therapy	iatrogenic illness
an illness without known cause	idiopathic disorder
means peculiar to the individual	idi/o
an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses	infectious disease
a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting; for example: MRSA	nosocomial infection
an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth; can be caused by a developmental disorder before birth, prenatal influences, premature birth, or injuries during the birth process	congenital disorder
can result in an anomaly or malformation such as the absence of a limb or the presence of an extra toe, also knows as a birth defect	developmental disorder
a deviation from what is regarded as normal	anomaly
describes the congenital absence of a normal opening or the failure of a structure to be tubular	atresia
are the mother's health, behavior, and the prenatal medical care she does, or does not, receive before delivery	prenatal influences
caused by the mother's consumption of alcohol during the pregnancy	fetal alcohol syndrome
a birth that occurs earlier that 37 weeks of development	premature birth
congenital disorder that were not present before the events surrounding the time of birth	birth injuries
the result of brain damage, can be caused by premature birth or inadequate oxygen to the brain during the birth process	cerebral palsy
the study of the medical problem and care of the aged	geriatrics or gerontology
a physician who specializes in the care of older people	geriatrician or gerontologist

Created by: heartashley