sfChemistry Midterm Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
chemistry | study of matter and the changes that it undergoes |
matter | anything that takes up space and has mass |
weight | mass with gravitational force |
mass | measure of inertia in an object |
inertia | ability of an object to resist motion |
nature of matter | composition, forces and observable properties |
physical changes | doesn't change chemical composition of an object |
chemical changes | changes chemical composition of an object |
energy | ability to do work |
kinetic energy | energy of motion |
potential energy | stored energy |
inorganic chemistry | study of elements not carbon |
organic chemistry | study of certain carbon compounds |
biochemistry | study of compounds of living organisms |
embalming chemistry | study of changes related to disinfection and preservation of human remains |
thanatochemistry | study of physical and chemical changes in the human body caused by the process of death |
International System of Units | standard set of units used by all scientists |
meter | standard unit of measurement |
liter | standard unit of volume |
kilogram | standard unit of mass |
calorie | standard unit of heat |
kilocalorie | 1000 calories, standard used for food |
mega M | 1000000, 10^6 |
kilo, k | 1000, 10^3 |
deci, d | 0.1, 10^-1 |
centi, c | 0.01, 10^-2 |
milli, m | 0.001, 10^-3 |
micro, u | 0.000001, 10^-6 |
nano, n | 0.000000001, 10^-9 |
law of conservation of matter | matter can not be created or destroyed, just rearranged |
law conservation of energy | 1st Law of Thermodynamics, energy neither created or destroyed |
physical property | characteristic that can be observed without altering the chemical composition of a substance |
qualitative | subjective: State, color, odor |
quantitative | Able to be measured. Objective. Melting, boiling, solubility |
3 states of matter | solid, liquid, gas |
melting point | Physical property. Temperature at a particular pressure which a substance changes form the solid state to a liquid state |
freezing point | Physical property. Same as melting point. Substance changing from liquid to a solid |
boiling point | Physical property. Temperature at a pressure which substance changes form liquid to a gas |
solubility | Physical property. How much of something will dissolve in a given amount of water or other liquid substance |
density | Physical property. Relationship between mass and volume. Density = M/V |
specific gravity | Physical property. Ratio of mass of the substance to the mass of and equal volume of watter at the same temp. SG = mass solid or liquid/mass of equal vol of water. Or Density/Density. No units |
chemical property | characteristic observed when substance reacting with other forms of matter and changes the substance. Burning, acid/base, salts, oxide |
physical change | Manifests a physical property. Changes in state, dissolving, ice melting, freezing, boiling |
chemical change | Manifests a chemical property that forms a new substance after reaction. burning, rusting, decomposition |
oxidation | Chemical change. Reacting with Oxygen. Burning, rusting. Also called combustion |
decomposition | Chemical changes of decomposition |
States of matter | Determined by amount of energy |
solid | -least energy -vibrates around fixed positions -absorbs heat to turn into liquid -has definite shape and volume |
liquid | -has intermediate energy and particles slide past one another -needs energy to become gas -doesn't have definite shape or volume |
gas | -most energetic -doesn't have definite shape or volume |
heat of fusion | specific quantity of heat that's absorbed to convert 1 gram of solid to 1 gram of liquid at the substance's melting point |
Heat of fusion of water | 80 calories |
heat of vaporization | amount of heat necessary to change 1 gram of substance from liquid to a gaseous state at boiling point |
heat of vaporization of water | 540 calories |
exothermic process | "out" - removing heat - any process that gives off, liberates, heat from the perspective of the substance X ---> Y + heat -> Y + heat Gas -> Liquid -> Solid |
endothermic process | "in" - adding heat - any process that absorbs heat X + Heat ----> Y |
sublimation | direct physical change in state from solid to gas Ex. Dry ice |
entropy | measure of amount of disorder or randomness |
Increases --> Solid-Liquid-Gas | > Solid-Liquid-Gas |
Compressibility - property of gas | volume of a gas may be decreases by increasing the pressure of the gas |
expansivity - property of gas | gas will increases its volume when heated |
diffusibility | movement of gas when introduced into a container. From higher concentration to lower |
volume of gas | volume of gas is equal to the volume of the container |
pressure | force per unit area and gas exerts a pressure on the wall of their containers |
2 units of measures of pressure | mercury barometer and torr 1 atmosphere (atm) = 760 Hg or 1 torr |
gas laws | describes relationship of the pressure, volume and temperature of a gas. PV/T = PV/T |
Boyle's Law | volume occupied by a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure as temperature remains constant. PV=PV 1 atmosphere (atm) = 760 Hg or 1 torr |
Charles' Law | volume of a fixed quantity of gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature of the pressure remains constant. V/T=V/T. Example: incubator |
Kelvin scale | K = C + 273. Also known as absolute scale Temperature can't be Zero in the denominator |
properties of liquid | minimal free space. incompressible. Maintains their volume and takes shape of container |
condensation | transition from gas to a liquid |
evaporation | cooling, transition form liquid to gas, absorbs heat = endothermic |
equilibrium | opposing rates of condensation and evaporation are equal |
equilibrium vapor pressure | pressure exerted by vapor (gas) when it's in equilibrium with it's liquid |
temperature vs vapor (gas) pressure | as temperature increases, the vapor (gas) pressure of the liquid increases. Direct proportion |
boiling | rapid passage of liquid particles to the vapor (gas) state by forming bubbles |
boiling point | temperature which a liquid boils at |
normal boiling point | boiling point of water at 1 atm. 100C, 212F, 373K |
freezing point | temperature where substance changes from liquid to solid. |
For water: 0C, 32F, 272K | 32F |
properties of solid | nearly incompressible. low entropy. no expansivity. but not motionless |
melting | add heat to a substance and the kinetic energy of the particles increases until solid breaks apart |
melting point | temperature where substance changes from solid to liquid |
2 categories of matter | 1. pure substance and 2. mixtures |
pure substances | elements and compounds |
elements | substances that can't be decomposed by any further chemical or ordinary means |
mixtures | 2 or more nonchemically united substances that are in no definite proportion by mass |
properties of compounds | substances composed of two or more elements, chemically united in a particular proportion |
law of Definite Proportions | when 2 or more elements chemically combine, they always combine in a particular fixed or definite proportion by mass |
4 types of inorganic compounds | 1. oxides 2. acids 3. bases 4. salts |
properties of mixtures | formed with varying proportions of their components and can be separated into their component parts by physical changes |
2 types of mixtures | heterogeneous or homogeneous |
freezing | physical change from liquid to solid |
freezing point | temperature that a liquid freezes |
normal freezing point | temperature a liquid freezes at 1 atm |
Created by:
suleman
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