classical condition Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| Define learning | A change in knowledge |
| What is a fixed action pattern | An innate unlearned behavior that manifests itself at the same time in the same way |
| What is imprinting | A young species follows the first slow-moving object after birth |
| What did Konrad Lorenz discover about imprinting | The young ignored their biological mother |
| Who is the scientist most associated with classical conditioning | Ivan Pavlov |
| The unconditioned stimulus (UCS) | unconditioned stimulus, the unlearned thing that evokes a response |
| Unconditioned response (UCR) | unconditioned response, unlearned behavior |
| Conditioned stimulus(CS | condition stimulus, the learned thing that evokes a response |
| Conditioned response (CR) | conditioned response, learned behavior |
| How do advertisers try to get people to buy their product | Put celebrities on the ad |
| How does one know when classical conditioning has occurred | When the subject shows a certain stimulus-response |
| In Pavlov's research, was the acquisition of salivation to the bell tone gradual or immediate | Gradual |
| How are classically conditioned responses extinguished | Giving the CS without the UCS |
| What was Pavlov's explanation for how this type of learning took place | Through repeated parings |
| What is higher order (second-order) conditioning | Using two multiple items to get a CR |
| An example of higher-order conditioning | using a monotone while the dog has food then using the monotone while the dog looks at a black square then black square will cause salivation |
| Extinction | the CR goes away |
| Spontaneous recovery | a CR reappears after a long time of extinction |
| Stimulus generalization | when a similar stimulus produces a response to a CS |
| Stimulus discrimination | the ability to distinguish between a CS and other stimuli |
| Watson & Raynor's research with Little Albert | He was scared of all small white fluffy things not just a white rat |
| Describe Garcia's research on taste aversion | The rats would avoid sweet water due to pain, he learned that the CS and UCS don't have to be close together in time |
| Is the taste aversion response typically conditioned in one pairing of CS and UCS or multiple pairings | one |
| Are the CS and UCS typically separated by a time span of a few seconds or several hours | Few seconds |
| Describe some examples of classical conditioning occurring after only one pairing of UCS and CS in humans and animals | Ringing a bell before giving the dog food, will cause salivation at just the bell tone |
| What is meant by biological preparedness | The tendency of animals and humans to learn some associations more quickly that are tied to survival such as phobias |
| How does biological preparedness explain what one observes in taste aversion studies | If you get sick after eating food you won't want to eat that food anymore |
| What was Mary Cover Jones’ contribution to psychology | She developed counter-conditioning |
| What is counterconditioning | Taking what someone is scared of and pairing it with something they like will make them not scared anymore |
| What are phobias | A fear response to an object or thing |
| How are phobias often created | A bad experience with said object or thing |
| Systematic desensitization | behavioral treatment is gradually exposed to what they are afraid of but they are kept calm |
| Flooding | when a person is exposed to their fear suddenly without warning |
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