nutrition unit 1 Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
nutrients	life-sustaining chemicals in food that are necessary for proper body functioning; a substance that an organism intakes that is essential to the growth and functioning of life
nutrition	study of nutrients and how the body uses these substances
diet	a usual pattern of food choices
in the U.S., what causes of death or chronic diseases are caused by poor eating habits?	heart disease, cancer, stroke, diabetes
chronic diseases	health diseases that take many years to develop and have complex issues
what factors influence food choice?	income, ethnic background, occupation, habits, nutritional/health beliefs, mood, religion, family, peers, education, health status, residence, media, childhood experiences, food flavor, texture, & appearance, food composition, convenience, & availability
risk factor	personal characteristic that increases a person’s chances of developing a disease
what are examples of risk factors?	damaged/missing genes, age, gender, family medical history, environment, lifestyle
lifestyle	way of living that includes diet, physical activity habits, use of tobacco and alcohol, and other typical patterns of behavior
what are the 6 essential nutrients?	carbs, fats and other lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water
organic nutrients	nutrients that have carbon in their chemical structure
what are the organic nutrients?	carbs, lipids, proteins, and vitamins
what is the major function of carbohydrates?	source of energy (most forms)
what is the major function of lipids?	Source of energy (fats), cellular development, physical growth and development, regulation of body processes, absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
what is the major function of proteins?	Production of structural and functional components; cellular development, growth, and maintenance; regulation of body processes; immune function; fluid balance; source of energy
what is the major function of vitamins?	Regulation of body processes, maintenance of immune function, production and maintenance of tissues, protection against agents that can damage cellular components
what is the major function of minerals?	Regulation of body processes, including fluid balance; formation of certain chemical messengers; structural and functional components of various substances and tissues; necessary for physical growth, maintenance, and development
what is the major function of water?	Maintenance of fluid balance, regulation of body temperature, elimination of wastes, transportation of substances, participant in many chemical reactions
cell	smallest living functional unit in an organism
metabolism	the sum of all chemical reactions occurring in living cells, including energy generation, protein production, and waste elimination
kilocalorie (kcal) or Calorie	unit of measuring food energy. interchangeable with "food energy" or "energy"; 1000 calories per kcal
macronutrients (energy suppliers)	nutrients needed in gram amounts daily and that provide energy
what are the macronutrients (energy suppliers)?	carbs, proteins, and fats. alcohol is not a macronutrient but an energy supplier
micronutrients	nutrients needed in microgram or milligram amounts
what are the micronutrients?	vitamins and minerals
what are the common metric prefixes for nutrition?	kilo (k), deci (d), centi (c), milli (m), micro (mc or μ)
kilometer	1000
decimeter	one-tenth (0.1)
centimeter	one-hundreth (0.01)
millimeter	one-thousandth (0.001)
micrometer	one-millionth (0.00001)
how many calories per gram are in carbs?	4
how many calories per gram are in protein?	4
how many calories per gram are in fats?	9
how many calories per gram are in alcohol?	7
calories per serving formula	Calories = Grams × (Calories per gram of the nutrient)
essential nutrient	nutrient that must be supplied by food to meet the body's needs
what is the most essential nutrient?	water
true/false: you can live for months without iron or vitamin c, but you can only live a few days without water	true
what are the essential nutrients?	water, vitamins, glucose, minerals, amino acids from protein, fats
what are the essential vitamins?	A, B vitamins, C, D, E, K, vitamin-like choline
what are the essential minerals?	calcium, chloride, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, sodium, sulfur, zinc
what are the essential amino acids from protein?	histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine
what are the essential fats?	linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid
deficiency disease	state of health that occurs when a nutrient is missing from the diet
what is a deficiency disease characterized by?	abnormal physiological changes that lead to signs and symptoms of disease
nonnutrients	substances in foods that aren’t essential but may provide health benefits
what are the nonnutrients?	alcohol and phytochemicals
phytochemicals	compounds made by plants that are not nutrients but may be healthful; many are antioxidants
what do phytochemicals protect against?	free radicals
antioxidant	substance that protects cells and their components from being damaged or destroyed by harmful environmental and internal factors
free radicals	chemically unstable factors that can damage or destroy cells
true/false: ALL phytochemicals have positive effects on the body	false; some are toxic and poisonous or can interfere with the body's ability to absorb nutrients
list of phytochemicals in foods	(Alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lutein, lycopene), quercetin, anthocyanins, resveratrol, isoflavonoids, sulfur compounds, caffeine, saponins, capsaicin
(Alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lutein, lycopene) rich food sources	Orange, red, yellow, dark-green fruits and vegetables; egg yolks
(Alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lutein, lycopene) biological effects/possible health benefits	Antioxidants activity, especially beta-carotene. May inhibit cancer growth
quercetin rich food sources	Apples, tea, red wine, onions, olives, raspberries, cocoa
quercetin biological effects/possible health benefits	antioxidant activity, may inhibit cancer growth, may reduce risk of heart disease
anthocyanins rich food sources	Red, blue, or purple fruits and vegetables
anthocyanins biological effects/possible health benefits	antioxidant activity, may inhibit cancer growth, may reduce risk of heart disease
resveratrol rich food sources	Red wine, purple grapes and grape juice, dark chocolate, cocoa
resveratrol biological effects/possible health benefits	antioxidant activity, may inhibit cancer growth, may reduce risk of heart disease
isoflavonoids rich food sources	soybean and legumes
isoflavonoid biological effects/possible health benefits	antioxidant activity, may inhibit cancer growth, may reduce risk of heart disease
sulfur compounds rich food sources	Garlic, onion, leeks, broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, kale, bok choy, collard and mustard greens
sulfur compounds biological effects/possible health benefits	antioxidant activity, may inhibit cancer growth, may reduce risk of heart disease
caffeine rich food sources	coffee, tea, cocoa
caffeine biological effects/possible health benefits	stimulant effects
saponins rich food sources	May kill certain microbes, inhibit certain cancers, reduce risk of heart disease
capsaicin rich food sources	chili peppers
capsaicin biological effects/possible health benefits	may provide some pain relief when applied to skin
dietary supplement	product that contains a vitamin, a mineral, an herb or other plant product, an amino acid, or a dietary substance that supplements the diet
true/false: some are proven beneficial by scientific data, while others are not and may be harmful	true
malnutrition	state of health that occurs when the body is improperly nourished
people who are at risk for malnutrition	Low income, Eating disorders, Substance abuse, Certain serious health problems, Frail and living in long-term care
Undernutrition and overnutrition	(too much or not enough calories)
what is overnutrition characterized by?	obesity
"bad" or "junk" foods	empty calories. contain nutrients but are not as healthy or nutritious as other foods
actual "bad" foods	Contain toxic substances and are contaminated with bacteria, viruses, microscopic animals that lead to food-borne illness
empty calories	high in calories from unhealthy fats, added sugars, and/or alcohol. Poor source of vitamins and minerals
nutrient-dense	describes foods or beverages that contain more key beneficial nutrients in relation to total calories
list of key beneficial nutrients	protein, fiber, vitamins A, C, and E, and the minerals iron, magnesium, calcium, and potassium
examples of nutrient-dense foods	leafy greens, fat-free milk, eggs, orange juice, lean meats, broccoli, whole-grain cereals
energy density	energy value of a food in relation to the food’s weight. Amount of calories provided by the food relative to the weight of the food
example of an energy dense food	donuts b/c they're high in fat
true/false: nuts are nutrient AND energy dense	true
features of a healthy diet	variety, moderation, balance
variety	including many different nutrient-dense foods in your diet
moderation	consuming foods in reasonable amounts
balance	matching calorie intake with enough physical activity to maintain a healthy weight
true/false: the best way to obtain nutrients and phytochemicals in your diet is to eat whole, unprocessed foods	true
true/false: Most foods undergo some processing and can cause losses of nutrients and phytochemicals	true
true/false: your body is designed to obtain nutrients from foods not supplements	true. Nutrients in foods may be more digestible and absorbable than nutrients in supplements. Plant foods have phytochemicals. Taking supplements can exceed range of safe intake
how to have a nutritious diet	individualize your diet so it is nutrionally adequate and suits your food likes and dislikes, budget, and lifestyle
true/false: nutrition needs change throughout life	true. some people such as pregnant women, chronic disease, or old age need special diets
why are foods and nutrients not "cure-alls?"	diet is only one aspect of yourself that affects your health. other lifestyles, genetics, and environment affect your health, too.
functional foods	help boost nutrient intakes or help manage certain health problems
examples of functional foods	Orange juice with added calcium, probiotics, margarine-like spreads
diet is a... a. practice of restricting energy intake b. pattern of food choices c. method of reducing portion sizes d. technique to reduce carb intake	pattern of food choices
which of the following health conditions isn't one of the 10 leading causes of death in U.S? a. cancer b. diabetes c. arthritis d. stroke	arthritis
which of the following substances is a nutrient that provides energy? a. glucose b. water c. alcohol d. vitamin c	glucose
____refers to the chemical processes that occur in living cells a. physiology b. catabolism c. anatomy d. metabolism	metabolism
phytochemicals... a. are essential nutrients b. generally have no effects on health	are in plant sources of food
which of the following foods is energy and nutrient dense? a. strawberries b. peanuts c. fat-free milk d. iceberg lettuce	peanuts
which of the following foods is a rich source of phytochemicals? a. egg whites b. blueberries c. canned salmon d. chicken	blueberries
which of the following conditions is a chronic disease? a. heart disease b. upset stomach c. broken rib d. common cold	heart disease
in the U.S., the primary cause of preventable deaths is... a. tobacco use b. car accidents c. high-fat diet d. excessive alcohol intake	tobacco use
which of the following is high in empty calories? a. cottage cheese b. chocolate chip cookie c. green grapes d. egg yolk	chocolate chip cookie
which of the following foods are most nutrient dense? a. 15 french fries b. 1 celery stalk c. 1 tablespoon butter d. 1/2 cup raspberries b. 1 celery stalk	1/2 cup raspberries
which of the following isn't a dietary supplement? a. iron b. alcohol c. vitamin a d. calcium	alcohol
which of the following foods supplies all the essential nutrients for human beings? a. whole milk b. lean meat c. whole eggs d. none, obviously bruh	none, obviously bruh

Created by: rachelrobinson