Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
nutrition unit 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| nutrients | life-sustaining chemicals in food that are necessary for proper body functioning; a substance that an organism intakes that is essential to the growth and functioning of life |
| nutrition | study of nutrients and how the body uses these substances |
| diet | a usual pattern of food choices |
| in the U.S., what causes of death or chronic diseases are caused by poor eating habits? | heart disease, cancer, stroke, diabetes |
| chronic diseases | health diseases that take many years to develop and have complex issues |
| what factors influence food choice? | income, ethnic background, occupation, habits, nutritional/health beliefs, mood, religion, family, peers, education, health status, residence, media, childhood experiences, food flavor, texture, & appearance, food composition, convenience, & availability |
| risk factor | personal characteristic that increases a person’s chances of developing a disease |
| what are examples of risk factors? | damaged/missing genes, age, gender, family medical history, environment, lifestyle |
| lifestyle | way of living that includes diet, physical activity habits, use of tobacco and alcohol, and other typical patterns of behavior |
| what are the 6 essential nutrients? | carbs, fats and other lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water |
| organic nutrients | nutrients that have carbon in their chemical structure |
| what are the organic nutrients? | carbs, lipids, proteins, and vitamins |
| what is the major function of carbohydrates? | source of energy (most forms) |
| what is the major function of lipids? | Source of energy (fats), cellular development, physical growth and development, regulation of body processes, absorption of fat-soluble vitamins |
| what is the major function of proteins? | Production of structural and functional components; cellular development, growth, and maintenance; regulation of body processes; immune function; fluid balance; source of energy |
| what is the major function of vitamins? | Regulation of body processes, maintenance of immune function, production and maintenance of tissues, protection against agents that can damage cellular components |
| what is the major function of minerals? | Regulation of body processes, including fluid balance; formation of certain chemical messengers; structural and functional components of various substances and tissues; necessary for physical growth, maintenance, and development |
| what is the major function of water? | Maintenance of fluid balance, regulation of body temperature, elimination of wastes, transportation of substances, participant in many chemical reactions |
| cell | smallest living functional unit in an organism |
| metabolism | the sum of all chemical reactions occurring in living cells, including energy generation, protein production, and waste elimination |
| kilocalorie (kcal) or Calorie | unit of measuring food energy. interchangeable with "food energy" or "energy"; 1000 calories per kcal |
| macronutrients (energy suppliers) | nutrients needed in gram amounts daily and that provide energy |
| what are the macronutrients (energy suppliers)? | carbs, proteins, and fats. alcohol is not a macronutrient but an energy supplier |
| micronutrients | nutrients needed in microgram or milligram amounts |
| what are the micronutrients? | vitamins and minerals |
| what are the common metric prefixes for nutrition? | kilo (k), deci (d), centi (c), milli (m), micro (mc or μ) |
| kilometer | 1000 |
| decimeter | one-tenth (0.1) |
| centimeter | one-hundreth (0.01) |
| millimeter | one-thousandth (0.001) |
| micrometer | one-millionth (0.00001) |
| how many calories per gram are in carbs? | 4 |
| how many calories per gram are in protein? | 4 |
| how many calories per gram are in fats? | 9 |
| how many calories per gram are in alcohol? | 7 |
| calories per serving formula | Calories = Grams × (Calories per gram of the nutrient) |
| essential nutrient | nutrient that must be supplied by food to meet the body's needs |
| what is the most essential nutrient? | water |
| true/false: you can live for months without iron or vitamin c, but you can only live a few days without water | true |
| what are the essential nutrients? | water, vitamins, glucose, minerals, amino acids from protein, fats |
| what are the essential vitamins? | A, B vitamins, C, D, E, K, vitamin-like choline |
| what are the essential minerals? | calcium, chloride, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, sodium, sulfur, zinc |
| what are the essential amino acids from protein? | histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine |
| what are the essential fats? | linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid |
| deficiency disease | state of health that occurs when a nutrient is missing from the diet |
| what is a deficiency disease characterized by? | abnormal physiological changes that lead to signs and symptoms of disease |
| nonnutrients | substances in foods that aren’t essential but may provide health benefits |
| what are the nonnutrients? | alcohol and phytochemicals |
| phytochemicals | compounds made by plants that are not nutrients but may be healthful; many are antioxidants |
| what do phytochemicals protect against? | free radicals |
| antioxidant | substance that protects cells and their components from being damaged or destroyed by harmful environmental and internal factors |
| free radicals | chemically unstable factors that can damage or destroy cells |
| true/false: ALL phytochemicals have positive effects on the body | false; some are toxic and poisonous or can interfere with the body's ability to absorb nutrients |
| list of phytochemicals in foods | (Alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lutein, lycopene), quercetin, anthocyanins, resveratrol, isoflavonoids, sulfur compounds, caffeine, saponins, capsaicin |
| (Alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lutein, lycopene) rich food sources | Orange, red, yellow, dark-green fruits and vegetables; egg yolks |
| (Alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lutein, lycopene) biological effects/possible health benefits | Antioxidants activity, especially beta-carotene. May inhibit cancer growth |
| quercetin rich food sources | Apples, tea, red wine, onions, olives, raspberries, cocoa |
| quercetin biological effects/possible health benefits | antioxidant activity, may inhibit cancer growth, may reduce risk of heart disease |
| anthocyanins rich food sources | Red, blue, or purple fruits and vegetables |
| anthocyanins biological effects/possible health benefits | antioxidant activity, may inhibit cancer growth, may reduce risk of heart disease |
| resveratrol rich food sources | Red wine, purple grapes and grape juice, dark chocolate, cocoa |
| resveratrol biological effects/possible health benefits | antioxidant activity, may inhibit cancer growth, may reduce risk of heart disease |
| isoflavonoids rich food sources | soybean and legumes |
| isoflavonoid biological effects/possible health benefits | antioxidant activity, may inhibit cancer growth, may reduce risk of heart disease |
| sulfur compounds rich food sources | Garlic, onion, leeks, broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, kale, bok choy, collard and mustard greens |
| sulfur compounds biological effects/possible health benefits | antioxidant activity, may inhibit cancer growth, may reduce risk of heart disease |
| caffeine rich food sources | coffee, tea, cocoa |
| caffeine biological effects/possible health benefits | stimulant effects |
| saponins rich food sources | May kill certain microbes, inhibit certain cancers, reduce risk of heart disease |
| capsaicin rich food sources | chili peppers |
| capsaicin biological effects/possible health benefits | may provide some pain relief when applied to skin |
| dietary supplement | product that contains a vitamin, a mineral, an herb or other plant product, an amino acid, or a dietary substance that supplements the diet |
| true/false: some are proven beneficial by scientific data, while others are not and may be harmful | true |
| malnutrition | state of health that occurs when the body is improperly nourished |
| people who are at risk for malnutrition | Low income, Eating disorders, Substance abuse, Certain serious health problems, Frail and living in long-term care |
| Undernutrition and overnutrition | (too much or not enough calories) |
| what is overnutrition characterized by? | obesity |
| "bad" or "junk" foods | empty calories. contain nutrients but are not as healthy or nutritious as other foods |
| actual "bad" foods | Contain toxic substances and are contaminated with bacteria, viruses, microscopic animals that lead to food-borne illness |
| empty calories | high in calories from unhealthy fats, added sugars, and/or alcohol. Poor source of vitamins and minerals |
| nutrient-dense | describes foods or beverages that contain more key beneficial nutrients in relation to total calories |
| list of key beneficial nutrients | protein, fiber, vitamins A, C, and E, and the minerals iron, magnesium, calcium, and potassium |
| examples of nutrient-dense foods | leafy greens, fat-free milk, eggs, orange juice, lean meats, broccoli, whole-grain cereals |
| energy density | energy value of a food in relation to the food’s weight. Amount of calories provided by the food relative to the weight of the food |
| example of an energy dense food | donuts b/c they're high in fat |
| true/false: nuts are nutrient AND energy dense | true |
| features of a healthy diet | variety, moderation, balance |
| variety | including many different nutrient-dense foods in your diet |
| moderation | consuming foods in reasonable amounts |
| balance | matching calorie intake with enough physical activity to maintain a healthy weight |
| true/false: the best way to obtain nutrients and phytochemicals in your diet is to eat whole, unprocessed foods | true |
| true/false: Most foods undergo some processing and can cause losses of nutrients and phytochemicals | true |
| true/false: your body is designed to obtain nutrients from foods not supplements | true. Nutrients in foods may be more digestible and absorbable than nutrients in supplements. Plant foods have phytochemicals. Taking supplements can exceed range of safe intake |
| how to have a nutritious diet | individualize your diet so it is nutrionally adequate and suits your food likes and dislikes, budget, and lifestyle |
| true/false: nutrition needs change throughout life | true. some people such as pregnant women, chronic disease, or old age need special diets |
| why are foods and nutrients not "cure-alls?" | diet is only one aspect of yourself that affects your health. other lifestyles, genetics, and environment affect your health, too. |
| functional foods | help boost nutrient intakes or help manage certain health problems |
| examples of functional foods | Orange juice with added calcium, probiotics, margarine-like spreads |
| diet is a... a. practice of restricting energy intake b. pattern of food choices c. method of reducing portion sizes d. technique to reduce carb intake | pattern of food choices |
| which of the following health conditions isn't one of the 10 leading causes of death in U.S? a. cancer b. diabetes c. arthritis d. stroke | arthritis |
| which of the following substances is a nutrient that provides energy? a. glucose b. water c. alcohol d. vitamin c | glucose |
| ____refers to the chemical processes that occur in living cells a. physiology b. catabolism c. anatomy d. metabolism | metabolism |
| phytochemicals... a. are essential nutrients b. generally have no effects on health | are in plant sources of food |
| which of the following foods is energy and nutrient dense? a. strawberries b. peanuts c. fat-free milk d. iceberg lettuce | peanuts |
| which of the following foods is a rich source of phytochemicals? a. egg whites b. blueberries c. canned salmon d. chicken | blueberries |
| which of the following conditions is a chronic disease? a. heart disease b. upset stomach c. broken rib d. common cold | heart disease |
| in the U.S., the primary cause of preventable deaths is... a. tobacco use b. car accidents c. high-fat diet d. excessive alcohol intake | tobacco use |
| which of the following is high in empty calories? a. cottage cheese b. chocolate chip cookie c. green grapes d. egg yolk | chocolate chip cookie |
| which of the following foods are most nutrient dense? a. 15 french fries b. 1 celery stalk c. 1 tablespoon butter d. 1/2 cup raspberries b. 1 celery stalk | 1/2 cup raspberries |
| which of the following isn't a dietary supplement? a. iron b. alcohol c. vitamin a d. calcium | alcohol |
| which of the following foods supplies all the essential nutrients for human beings? a. whole milk b. lean meat c. whole eggs d. none, obviously bruh | none, obviously bruh |
Created by:
rachelrobinson