mod8 air pollution Word Scramble

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Term	Definition
Physical effects of pollutants	irritate our eyes and lungs, enter our blood stream when we breathe them, then damage nerves and brain function.
conventional or criteria pollutants (6)	sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, ozone (and its precursor volatile organic compounds), lead, and particulate matter.
dominant sources of most criteria pollutants (2)	Transportation and power plants
ambient air	the air around us
The Clean Air Act (1970) purpose	designated new air quality standards, to be applied equally across the country, for six major pollutants.
Anthropogenic	(chiefly of environmental pollution and pollutants) originating in human activity.
unconventional pollutants (def)	compounds that are produced in less volume than conventional pollutants, but that are especially toxic or hazardous.
unconventional pollutants (6)	asbestos, benzene, beryllium, mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and vinyl chloride.
point source	smokestack or some other concentrated pollution origin
Primary pollutants	are released in aa harmful form
Secondary pollutants	hazardous after reactions in the air.
Fugitive or nonpoint-source	emissions are those that do not go through a smokestack.
Ozone (O3)	ground level ozone is highly reactive oxidizing agent that damages eyes, lungs, and plant tissues, as well as paint, rubber, and plastics. It is a secondary pollutant, created by chemical reactions that are initiated by solar energy
Particulate material	dust, ash, soot, lint, smoke, pollen, spores, algal cells, and many other suspended materials like aerosols.
hazardous air pollutants (HAPs),	category of toxins is monitored by the U.S. EPA because they are particularly dangerous. these chemicals cause cancer, nerve damage, disrupt hormone function, and fetal development.
how Air pollutants can travel	Dust and fine aerosols can be carried great distances by the wind
Greenhouse Gases	Carbon Dioxide and Halogens methane, nitrous, oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride.
ozone hole	Chemical reactions of atmospheric gases and pollution produce the phenomenon
principal agents of ozone depletion.	Chlorine-based aerosols, such as CFC’s and HCFC’s
Montreal Protocol,	In 1987 an international meeting in Montreal, Canada, produced , the first of several major international agreements on phasing out most uses of CFCs by 2000.
Health Effects of Air Pollution	Consequences of breathing dirty air include: increased probability of heart attacks, respiratory diseases, and lung cancer.
Acid Deposition	Results From SO4 and NOx Deposition of acidic droplets or particles, from rain, fog, snow, or aerosols in the atmosphere,
temperature inversions	reverses the normal conditions. occur where ground-level air cools more quickly than upper air. With cold air resting below the warmer air, there is little mixing, and pollutants are trapped near the ground.
albedo	the proportion of the incident light or radiation that is reflected by a surface, typically that of a planet or moon.concrete and brick surfaces in cities absorb large amounts of solar energy
urban heat island.	temperatures in cities are frequently warmer than in thesurrounding countryside
dust dome.	Tall buildings create convective updrafts that sweep pollutants into the air. Stable air masses created by this heat island over the city concentrate pollutants
ozone hole	Chemical reactions of atmospheric gases and pollution produce the phenomenon
Stratospheric ozone	naturally-occurring gas that filters sun's (UV) radiation. This is typically regarded as 'good' ozone since it reduces the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV-B) radiation. A diminished ozone layer allows more radiation to reach the Earth's surface.
stratospheric ozone is being destroyed by	primarily chlorine-based aerosols, including chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) (p. 239).
ratio of direct costs and benefits of the clean air act	is 1:25 as of 2010.
the clean air act saved costs	The mainly saved costs are from reduced illness and property damage with an increase in productivity
organic compounds have decreased the least	Nitrogen dioxides, particulate matter, ozone, and volatile
conventional pollutants that have decreased the most	are lead (98%), SO2 (35%), and C0 (32%)
ambient ozone	is a pollutant that is closer to the Earth’s surface.
indoor air pollutants that are hazardous to health	are chloroform, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, formaldehyde, syrene, biohazards (i.e. mold, pathogens), and cigarette smoke
additional hazardous air toxins added to the list regulated by the Clean Air Act	are asbestos, benzene, mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and vinyl chloride

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