the muscular system Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force	contractility
the capability of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus	excitability
the ability to be stretched	extensibility
ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched	elasticity
help to produce heat essential for maintenance of normal body temperature	muscles
each skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the	perimysium
another connective tissue located outside the epimysium	fascia
surrounds and separates muscles	fascia
a muscle is composed of numerous visible bundles called	muscle fasciculi (fascicle)
muscle fasciculi are surrounded by loose connective tissue called the	perimysium
the fasciculi are composed of single muscle cells called	fibers
each fiber is a	single cylindrical cell containing several nuclei
each fiber is surrounded by a connective sheath called the	endomysium
the cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with	myofibrils
a thread like structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other	myofibrils
what two kinds of protein fibers do myofibrils consist of	actin myofilaments and myosin myofilaments
thin myofilaments	actin
thick myofilaments	myosin
actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units called	sarcomeres
sarcomeres are joined end to end to form the	myofibril
the ________ is the basic structural and functional unit of the muscle	sarcomere
each sarcomere extends from	one z line to another z line
the arrangement of actin and myosin give a	banded appearance
the i band is ______ and contains _______	light and actin
the a band extends the length of the	myosin
the a band is	darker
in the center of each sarcomere is a light area called	the H zone
the H zone consists of only	myosin
the myosin myofilaments are anchored in the center of the sarcomere at a dark staining band called	the M line
the outside of most cell membranes is	positively charged
the inside of cell membranes is	negatively charged
the charge difference across the membrane is called the	resting membrane potential
the brief reversal back of the charge is called	action potential
nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers	motor neurons
each branch that connects to the muscle forms a ______ near the center of the cell	neuromuscular junction or synapse
a single muscle neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are called	a motor unit
__________ is formed by an enlarged nerve terminal resting in an indentation of the muscle cell membrane	a neuromuscular junction
the enlarged nerve terminal is the	presynaptic terminal
the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell is the	synaptic cleft
the muscle fiber is the	postsynaptic terminal
each presynaptic terminal contains __________ that secrete a neurotransmitter	synaptic vesicles
synaptic vesicles secrete a neurotransmitter called	acetylcholine
muscle cell is rapidly broken down by an enzymes called	acetylcholinesterase
occurs as actin and myosin myofilaments slide past one another causing sarcomere s to shorten	muscle contraction
the sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction is called	sliding filament mechanism
a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers	muscle twitch
a muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called _________ at which point the muscle fiber will contract maximally.	threshold
muscle fibers maximally contracted	all-or-none response
the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction is the	lag phase
time of contraction	contraction phase
time during which muscles relax	relaxation phase
where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing	tetany
the increase in number of motor units being activated is called	recruitment
__________ is needed for energy for muscle contraction	ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
ATP is 1) 2)	1) produced in the mitochondria 2) short lived and unstable
it is necessary for muscle cells to constantly produce	ATP
when at rest they cant stockpile ATP but they can store another high-energy molecule, called	creatine phosphate
without oxygen	anaerobic respiration
with oxygen	aerobic respiration
the ____________ is the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells.	oxygen debt
results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells	muscle fatigue
the length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process	isometric
the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes	isotonic
costant tension produced by the muscles of the body for long periods of time	muscle tone
contract quickly and fatigue quickly and fatigue quickly	fast-twitch fibers
contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue	slow-twitch fibers
the points of attachment of each muscle are its	origin and insertion
the ________ is the most stationary end of the muscle	origin
the __________ is the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement	insertion
the portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion is the	belly
muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements are called	synergists
muscles that work in opposition to one another are called	antagonists
among a group of synergists, if one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement, it is the	prime mover
muscles are named according to their	location, size, orientation of fibers, shape, origin, insertion, and function
raises eyebrows	occipitofrontalis
closes the eyelids and causes " crows feet" wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corners of the eye	orbicularis oculi
puckers the lips	orbicularis oris
flattens the cheeks trumpeter's muscle	buccinator
kissing muscles	orbicularis and buccinator
smiling muscle	zygomatius
sneering	levator labii superioris
frowning	depressor anguli oris

Created by: kailiebellomy

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