Toxicology Word Scramble

Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

Normal Size Small Size show me how

Question	Answer
study of adverse effects of chemicals in living organisms	toxicology
agent that can cause a deleterious response in a biological system	poison
toxic substances produced by biological systems	toxin
toxic substances produced by or are by-products of anthropogenic activities (man's activity) (exogenous)	toxicant
compound found in an organism but not normally produced by or expected to be present in that organism	xenobiotic
three approaches to toxicology (subject areas)	mechanistic, descriptive, regulatory
specialties (practice areas in toxicology)	food, analytical/forensic, clinical, occupational, regulatory, environmental
specialized areas of application:	risk assessment and toxicogenomics
Field that identifies and understands cellular, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms causing toxic effects (work in labs ; work at the bench)	Mechanistic
data from these studies are used in risk assessment, design and production of safer alternative chemicals, therapy for poisonings, treatment of disease; contributes to knowledge of basic physiology pharmacology, cell biology and biochem (basic science)	Mechanistic
Field that describes gross toxic responses using in vitro and in vivo systems	descriptive toxicology
data from these studies used for safety eval. for human health and environmental risk assessments, provides a starting point for elucidating mechanisms	Descriptive
science of determining if drugs and chemicals are safe for use... use information from descriptive and mechanistic toxicity data and epidemiology data (PAPER scientist)	Regulatory toxicology
process to evaluate the potential for adverse health or environmental effects from exposure to naturally occuring or synthetic agents; includes estimate of probability of harm and description of assumptions and uncertainties that go into it	Risk Assessment
its goal is to provide risk managers with a rational basis for making decisions about managing the use of chemicals or physical gents to protect health and the environment	Risk Assessment
emerging sub-discipline of toxicology ; contibute to DNA; data from these techniques are descriptive but also provide info on mechanisms	Toxicogenomics
hybrid of analytical chemistry and toxicological principles	forensics toxicology
area of medicine concerned with disease caused by or uniquely associated with toxic substances	clinical toxicology
applies the principles and methodology of toxicology to chemical and biological hazards in the workplace	occupational toxicology
they work to set levels for safe exposures to: environmental contaminants, food additives, medicinals	Regulatory toxicology
concerned with impacts of pollutants on nonhuman organisms and human health	environmental technology
specialized areas of environmental toxicology; focuses on impacts of toxic substances on population dynamics in ecosystem	ecotoxicology
three things importnant in environmental toxicology	transport, fate, and interactions
when was the american association of poison control centers formed	1958
exam for toxicology is administered by__________ and taken to become _________	AACT (american academy of clinical toxicology); DABAT (diplomat of american board of applied toxicology)
to become CSPI (certified specialist in poison info) ....	need 2000 hrs of logged calls and 2000 hrs of other... take it every 7 years
no toxic effect unless poison:	reaches sensitive site, site at concentration sufficient to produce effect, reaches site for length of time sufficient to prod. effect (SITE, CONCENTRATION, TIME)
occurrence of toxic effect is dependent on:	chemical/physical properties, exposure, metabolized, concentration, susceptibility
adverse effects from meds due to:	genetic predisposition, nonselective action, inappropriate use or admin
main reason drugs pulled from market	drug TOXICITY
2 offices in charge of drug safety in FDA	office in drug safety ; drug safety oversight board
TOCP (triorthocresylphosphate)	inhibits neuropathy target esterase so binds irreversible (delayed effect) --> 3-5 days later you get tingling and lose ability to move
when combined effect is equal to sum of the two compounds given alone	additive
when combined effect is much greater than the sum of the effects of each given alone	synergistic
when one subs. does not have a toxic effect but when added to another makes second compound more toxic than it would be alone	potentiation
when two compounds together interfere with each other's effect	antagonism
decreased responsiveness to a toxic effect resulting from prior exposuure to a chemical or strucutrally related compound	tolerance
less of a toxic agent reaching its target	dispositional tolerance
receptor expression repression	reduced responsiveness
principles of toxicology	source, exposure, ADME, Dose, MOA, endpoint(target)
exposure for 1 month or less	subacute
exposure for 1-3 months	subchronic
exposure for more than 3 months	chronic
less than 24 hour exposure	acute

Created by: aisdancer